Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Mar;149:267-274. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.007. Epub 2017 Dec 19.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spider, from their hemocytes, after a short-term (four-week) exposure to cadmium and copper in sublethal doses by administering them into the body of the preys. The ultrastructure of the dominant types of hemocytes, such as granulocytes, plasmatocytes and prohemocytes, was evaluated using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Quantitative evaluation of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as the ones with depolarized mitochondria in hemolymph, was performed using flow cytometry, while ATP concentration and ADP/ATP ratio in hemocytes were measured by luminescent methods. Cadmium, unlike copper, demonstrated proapoptotic and pronecrotic activity. Low ATP levels and high ADP/ATP ratio in hemocytes indicate a disturbance in the energy metabolism of cells and may account for their qualitative and quantitative degenerative changes. The intensification of death processes in hemocytes after an exposure to cadmium-contaminated food may impair the ability of these cells to fight infectious diseases. Copper at the applied dosage was safe for the spiders without causing visible changes in the hemocyte ultrastructure and in the level of analyzed cell death indices.
本研究旨在评估在亚致死剂量下，通过喂食猎物的方式，短期（四周）暴露于镉和铜后，狼蛛（Theridiidae）血细胞的代谢状况。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）评估了粒细胞、浆细胞和原血细胞等优势血细胞类型的超微结构。使用流式细胞术对凋亡和坏死细胞以及血液中线粒体去极化的细胞进行定量评估，同时使用发光法测量血细胞中的 ATP 浓度和 ADP/ATP 比值。与铜不同，镉表现出促凋亡和促坏死活性。血细胞中低水平的 ATP 和高水平的 ADP/ATP 比值表明细胞能量代谢受到干扰，这可能是其定性和定量退行性变化的原因。暴露于受镉污染的食物后，血细胞中死亡过程的加剧可能会损害这些细胞抵抗传染病的能力。在所应用的剂量下，铜对蜘蛛是安全的，不会导致血细胞超微结构和分析的细胞死亡指标发生可见变化。
