Nyankima A Gloria, Rojas Juan D, Cianciolo Rachel, Johnson Kennita A, Dayton Paul A
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2018 Feb;44(2):368-376. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.10.016. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
Low-boiling-point perfluorocarbon phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) provide an alternative to microbubble contrast agents. Although parameter ranges related to in vivo bio-effects of microbubbles are fairly well characterized, few studies have been done to evaluate the potential of bio-effects related to PCCAs. To bridge this gap, we present an assessment of biological effects (e.g., hemorrhage) related to acoustically excited PCCAs in the rodent kidney. The presence or absence of bio-effects was observed after sonication with various perfluorocarbon core PCCAs (decafluorobutane, octafluoropropane or a 1:1 mixture) and as a function of activation pulse mechanical index (MI; minimum activation threshold, which was a moderate MI of 0.81-1.35 vs. a clinical maximum of 1.9). Bio-effects on renal tissue were assessed through hematology and histology including measurement of blood creatinine levels and the quantity of red blood cell (RBC) casts present in hematoxylin and eosin-stained kidney tissue sections after sonication. Short-term (24 h) and long-term (2 and 4 wk) analyses were performed after treatment. Results indicated that bio-effects from PCCA vaporization were not observed at lower mechanical indices. At higher mechanical indices, bio-effects were observed at 24 h, although these were not observable 2 wk after treatment.
低沸点全氟化碳相变造影剂（PCCA）为微泡造影剂提供了一种替代方案。尽管与微泡体内生物效应相关的参数范围已得到相当充分的表征，但针对评估PCCA相关生物效应潜力的研究却很少。为填补这一空白，我们对啮齿动物肾脏中声学激发的PCCA相关生物效应（如出血）进行了评估。在用各种全氟化碳核心PCCA（十氟丁烷、八氟丙烷或1:1混合物）进行超声处理后，观察生物效应的有无，并将其作为激活脉冲机械指数（MI；最小激活阈值，即中等MI为0.81 - 1.35，而临床最大值为1.9）的函数。通过血液学和组织学评估对肾组织的生物效应，包括测量血肌酐水平以及超声处理后苏木精和伊红染色的肾组织切片中存在的红细胞（RBC）管型数量。处理后进行短期（24小时）和长期（2周和4周）分析。结果表明，在较低机械指数下未观察到PCCA汽化产生的生物效应。在较高机械指数下，24小时时观察到生物效应，尽管在处理后2周时未观察到这些效应。
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