The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2021 Apr 30;16:3105-3119. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S301734. eCollection 2021.
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted considerable attention for cancer treatment as it is highly controllable and minimally invasive. Various multifunctional nanosystems have been fabricated in an "all-in-one" form to guide and enhance PTT by integrating imaging and therapeutic functions. However, the complex fabrication of nanosystems and their high cost limit its clinical translation.
Herein, a high efficient "one-for-all" nanodroplet with a simple composition but owning multiple capabilities was developed to achieve ultrasound (US) imaging-guided and cavitation-enhanced PTT. Perfluoropentane (PFP) nanodroplet with a polypyrrole (PPy) shell (PFP@PPy nanodroplet) was synthesized via ultrasonic emulsification and in situ oxidative polymerization. After characterization of the morphology, its photothermal effect, phase transition performance, as well as its capabilities of enhancing US imaging and acoustic cavitation were examined. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy of the combined therapy with PTT and acoustic cavitation via the PFP@PPy nanodroplets was studied both in vitro and in vivo.
The nanodroplets exhibited good stability, high biocompatibility, broad optical absorption over the visible and near-infrared (NIR) range, excellent photothermal conversion with an efficiency of 60.1% and activatable liquid-gas phase transition performance. Upon NIR laser and US irradiation, the phase transition of PFP cores into microbubbles significantly enhanced US imaging and acoustic cavitation both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the acoustic cavitation enhanced significantly the antitumor efficacy of PTT as compared to PTT alone thanks to the cavitation-mediated cell destruction, which demonstrated a substantial increase in cell detachment, 81.1% cell death in vitro and 99.5% tumor inhibition in vivo.
The PFP@PPy nanodroplet as a "one-for-all" theranostic agent achieved highly efficient US imaging-guided and cavitation-enhanced cancer therapy, and has considerable potential to provide cancer theranostics in the future.
光热疗法（PTT）因其高度可控和微创而在癌症治疗中受到广泛关注。各种多功能纳米系统已经被制成“一体化”形式，通过整合成像和治疗功能来指导和增强 PTT。然而，纳米系统的复杂制造和高成本限制了其临床转化。
本文开发了一种高效的“一专多能”纳米液滴，具有简单的组成但具有多种功能，可实现超声（US）成像引导和空化增强 PTT。通过超声乳化和原位氧化聚合合成了具有聚吡咯（PPy）壳的全氟戊烷（PFP）纳米液滴（PFP@PPy 纳米液滴）。对其形态进行了表征，考察了其光热效应、相变性能以及增强 US 成像和超声空化的能力。此外，还研究了 PFP@PPy 纳米液滴联合 PTT 和超声空化治疗的抗肿瘤疗效。
纳米液滴表现出良好的稳定性、高生物相容性、宽可见和近红外（NIR）吸收范围、出色的光热转换效率为 60.1%和可激活的液-气相变性能。在近红外激光和超声辐射下，PFP 核的相变形成微泡，显著增强了体外和体内的 US 成像和超声空化。更重要的是，与单独的 PTT 相比，超声空化显著增强了 PTT 的抗肿瘤疗效，这是由于空化介导的细胞破坏，导致体外细胞脱落率增加 81.1%，体内肿瘤抑制率增加 99.5%。
PFP@PPy 纳米液滴作为一种“一专多能”治疗剂，实现了高效的 US 成像引导和空化增强癌症治疗，具有很大的潜力为癌症治疗提供新方法。
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