Kovalev A V, Morozov Yu E, Samokhodskaya O V, Bereznikov A V
Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 125284.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 119435.
Sud Med Ekspert. 2017;60(6):4-8. doi: 10.17116/sudmed20176064-8.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of alcoholic drunkenness documented during forensic medical expertises (investigations) of the corpses carried out in this country throughout the period from 2011 till 2016. The investigations were conducted with the use of medical statistics methods by calculating the fractional difference, dynamics, and rates of detection of the cases of alcoholic intoxication depending on the cause of death. The study has demonstrated the high frequency of the cases of alcoholic drunkenness revealed during forensic medical expertises (investigations) of the corpses that amounted to 30.5% [15, 16]. The total number of the corpses examined in 2016 was 8.6% higher than in 2011. The frequency of the documented cases of alcoholic drunkenness during the same period decreased by 19.7%. The frequency of the documented cases of alcoholic drunkenness in the cases of violent death was 2.8 times that in the cases of death from various diseases (52.8 and 19.0% respectively). The enhanced frequency of alcoholic drunkenness in relation to the number of the conducted forensic medical expertises was documented in the cases of death by drowning and from hypothermia whereas the lowest frequency of alcoholic intoxication was recorded for the corpses of the people who had died from malignant tumours and diseases of the nervous system. Various regions of Russia differed in terms of the frequency of alcoholic drunkenness recorded among the recently deceased people.
本研究的目的是评估2011年至2016年期间在该国进行的尸体法医鉴定（调查）中记录的酒精中毒频率。调查采用医学统计方法，通过计算酒精中毒病例的分数差异、动态变化以及根据死亡原因的检出率来进行。研究表明，在尸体法医鉴定（调查）中发现的酒精中毒病例频率很高，达到了30.5%[15,16]。2016年检查的尸体总数比2011年高出8.6%。同期记录的酒精中毒病例频率下降了19.7%。暴力死亡案件中记录的酒精中毒病例频率是各种疾病死亡案件中频率的2.8倍（分别为52.8%和19.0%）。溺水和体温过低死亡案件中，与进行的法医鉴定数量相比，酒精中毒频率有所增加，而死于恶性肿瘤和神经系统疾病的人的尸体中酒精中毒频率最低。俄罗斯不同地区近期死者中记录的酒精中毒频率存在差异。
