Savenkova E N, Efimov A A
M.I. Raiskii Department of Forensic Medicine, V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Saratov, Russia, 410012.
Sud Med Ekspert. 2017;60(6):13-17. doi: 10.17116/sudmed201760613-17.
The road traffic accidents are known to make the greatest contribution to the overall structure of pediatric traumatism with the fatal outcome. The problem of pediatric traumatism remains on top of its relevancy despite numerous administrative, legal, technical, and financial measures taken at the government level in an attempt to reduce the mortality rate associated with the child-pedestrian injuries inflicted in the road traffic accidents. The objective of the present study was to summarize and interpret the results published in the scientific literature concerning child-pedestrian injuries inflicted in the road traffic accidents with special reference to the age of the victims and the type of the injury. The analysis of the publications of the domestic and foreign authors has demonstrated that the available data of interest remain to be systematized and that the forensic medical aspects of the problem in question are poorly represented in these materials. It was shown that forensic medical expertises of child-pedestrian injuries inflicted in the road traffic accidents are frequently carried out without taking into consideration the peculiar anatomical and physiological features of the child's organism. The available data concerning the mechanisms and evaluation of severe injuries inflicted to the children in the road traffic accidents are insufficient for the development of the algorithms for the relevant adequate forensic medical expertise. In the light of these findings, the problem of the child-pedestrian injuries inflicted in the road traffic accidents takes on new significance when considered in the context of pediatric traumatism. There is evidently the growing necessity to formulate the universal database containing systematized objective information for the development of new methods of forensic medical expertise for the elucidation of the mechanisms of road traffic injuries inflicted to the children of different age groups depending on the type of the injury and the circumstances of the accident. The embodiment of this idea into an action program would allow to address the problem of child-pedestrian injuries inflicted in the road traffic accidents in the framework of the separate division of forensic medical expertise traumatism.
众所周知，道路交通事故对导致致命后果的儿童创伤总体构成影响最大。尽管政府层面采取了众多行政、法律、技术和财政措施，试图降低与道路交通事故中儿童行人受伤相关的死亡率，但儿童创伤问题的相关性仍然居高不下。本研究的目的是总结和解读科学文献中发表的有关道路交通事故中儿童行人受伤的结果，特别提及受害者年龄和损伤类型。对国内外作者发表的文献进行分析表明，现有相关数据仍有待系统化，且这些材料中对该问题法医学方面的阐述较少。结果显示，对道路交通事故中儿童行人受伤进行法医学鉴定时，常常未考虑儿童机体独特的解剖和生理特征。关于道路交通事故中儿童重伤机制及评估的现有数据，不足以制定相关充分法医学鉴定的算法。鉴于这些发现，从儿童创伤角度来看，道路交通事故中儿童行人受伤问题具有了新的意义。显然，越来越有必要建立一个通用数据库，其中包含系统化的客观信息，以便开发新的法医学鉴定方法，根据损伤类型和事故情况阐明不同年龄组儿童道路交通事故损伤的机制。将这一想法落实到行动计划中，将有助于在法医学创伤鉴定的单独部门框架内解决道路交通事故中儿童行人受伤的问题。
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