Porphyrin Antenna-Enriched BODIPY-Thiophene Copolymer for Efficient Solar Cells.

Low bandgap A-π-D copolymer, P(BdP-DEHT), consisting of alternating BOronDIPYrromethene (BODIPY) and thiophene units bridged by ethynyl linkers, and its porphyrin-enriched analogue, P(BdP/Por-DEHT), were prepared, and their optical and electrochemical properties were studied. P(BdP-DEHT) exhibits strong absorption in the 500-800 nm range with an optical bandgap of 1.74 eV. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are evaluated to be -5.40 and -3.66 eV, respectively. After the anchoring of zinc(II) porphyrin on the BODIPY unit, P(BdP/Por-DEHT) displays broadened absorption, thanks to porphyrins, and the optical bandgap decreases to 1.59 eV because of extension of BODIPY conjugation. The resulting estimated HOMO and LUMO energy levels, respectively, move to -5.32 and -3.73 eV. After optimization of the P(BdP-DEHT) or P(BdP/Por-DEHT) to PCBM weight ratio to 1:2 in dichlorobenzene solution, the bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells show overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.03 and 3.86%, respectively. After solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatment in CHCl for 40 s, the PCEs increased to 7.40% [V of 0.95 V, J of 12.77 mA/cm, and fill factor (FF) of 0.61 with energy loss of 0.79 eV] and 8.79% (V of 0.92 V, J of 14.48 mA/cm, and FF of 0.66 with energy loss of 0.67 eV). The increase in the PCE for P(BdP/Por-DEHT)-based devices is mainly attributed to the enhancement in J and FF, which may be related to the broader absorption spectra, lower band gap, and better charge transport of P(BdP/Por-DEHT) compared to P(BdP-DEHT). This could also be related to the optimized nanoscale morphology of the active layer for both efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport toward the electrodes and a balanced charge transport in the device, induced by the SVA treatment of the active layer.