男性和女性全科医生工作时间的年龄相关差异：基于短信的时间使用研究。
Age-related differences in working hours among male and female GPs: an SMS-based time use study.
机构信息
NIVEL, the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, P.O. Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
CAOP, P.O. Box 556, 2501 CN, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Hum Resour Health. 2017 Dec 19;15(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12960-017-0258-4.
BACKGROUND
In several countries, the number of hours worked by general practitioners (GPs) has decreased, raising concern about current and impending workforce shortages. This shorter working week has been ascribed both to the feminisation of the workforce and to a younger generation of GPs who prefer more flexible working arrangements. There is, however, limited insight into how the impact of these determinants interact. We investigated the relative importance of differences in GPs' working hours in relation to gender, age, and employment position.
METHODS
An analysis was performed on real-time monitoring data collected by sending SMS text messages to 1051 Dutch GPs, who participated during a 1-week time use study. We used descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA analysis to compare the working time of different GP groups. A path analysis was conducted to examine the difference in working time by gender, age, employment position, and their combinations.
RESULTS
Female GPs worked significantly fewer hours than their male peers. GPs in their 50s worked the highest number of hours, followed by GPs age 60 and older. GPs younger than 40 worked the lowest number of hours. This relationship between working hours and age was not significantly different for women and men. As shown by path analysis, female GPs consistently worked fewer hours than their male counterparts, regardless of their age and employment position. The relationship between age and working hours was largely influenced by gender and employment position.
CONCLUSIONS
The variation in working hours among GPs can be explained by the combination of gender, age, and employment position. Gender appears to be the most important predictor as the largest part of the variation in working hours is explained by a direct effect of this variable. It has previously been reported that the difference in working hours between male and female GPs had decreased over time. However, our findings suggest that gender remains a critical factor for variation in time use and for policy instruments such as health workforce planning.
背景
在一些国家，全科医生（GP）的工作时间减少，这引起了人们对当前和即将出现的劳动力短缺的担忧。这种每周工作时间缩短的情况既归因于劳动力的女性化，也归因于更喜欢更灵活工作安排的年轻一代 GP。然而，对于这些决定因素的相互影响，人们的了解有限。我们调查了 GP 工作时间差异与性别、年龄和就业岗位之间的相对重要性。
方法
对通过向 1051 名荷兰 GP 发送短信实时监测数据进行了分析，这些 GP 参加了为期一周的时间使用研究。我们使用描述性统计、独立样本 t 检验和单向方差分析来比较不同 GP 组的工作时间。进行路径分析以检查性别、年龄、就业岗位及其组合对工作时间的差异。
结果
女性 GP 的工作时间明显少于男性同行。50 多岁的 GP 工作时间最长，其次是 60 岁及以上的 GP。40 岁以下的 GP 工作时间最短。这种工作时间与年龄的关系在女性和男性中没有显著差异。如路径分析所示，无论其年龄和就业岗位如何，女性 GP 始终比男性同行工作时间少。年龄与工作时间之间的关系在很大程度上受到性别和就业岗位的影响。
结论
GP 之间的工作时间差异可以通过性别、年龄和就业岗位的组合来解释。性别似乎是最重要的预测因素，因为工作时间变化的大部分可以通过该变量的直接影响来解释。以前有报道称，男性和女性 GP 之间的工作时间差异随着时间的推移而减少。然而，我们的研究结果表明，性别仍然是时间利用和卫生人力规划等政策工具差异的关键因素。
Zotero 插件