Simon Leslie V., Newton Edward J.
Mayo Clinic Florida
Keck School of Medicine
Basilar skull fractures, usually caused by substantial blunt force trauma, involve at least one of the bones that compose the base of the skull. Basilar skull fractures most commonly involve the temporal bones but may involve the occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and the orbital plate of the frontal bone as well. Several clinical exam findings highly predictive of basilar skull fractures include hemotympanum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea or rhinorrhea, Battle sign (retroauricular or mastoid ecchymosis), and raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis). Basilar skull fractures are commonly associated with facial fractures, cervical spine injury, intracranial hemorrhage, cranial nerve injury, vascular injury, and meningitis. Basilar skull fractures are most commonly seen in younger people due to their propensity to do high-risk activities. The majority of basilar skull fractures are managed with conservative care.
颅底骨折通常由严重的钝器外伤引起，累及构成颅底的至少一块骨头。颅底骨折最常累及颞骨，但也可能累及枕骨、蝶骨、筛骨以及额骨的眶板。几项对颅底骨折具有高度预测性的临床检查结果包括鼓室积血、脑脊液耳漏或鼻漏、Battle征（耳后或乳突瘀斑）和熊猫眼（眶周瘀斑）。颅底骨折常与面部骨折、颈椎损伤、颅内出血、脑神经损伤、血管损伤和脑膜炎相关。由于年轻人倾向于进行高风险活动，颅底骨折在他们当中最为常见。大多数颅底骨折采用保守治疗。
