Anatomy, Head and Neck, Larynx Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

The larynx is a flexible structure with a cartilaginous core, interconnecting membranes, and associated musculature. The larynx is positioned at the midline between the digestive and respiratory tracts. This structure houses the vocal cords and produces phonation. The larynx also facilitates airway protection and regulates intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressures. The anatomical position, composition, musculature, and innervation of the larynx contribute to its functions. The larynx may be affected by inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, neurologic, and traumatic conditions, impacting phonation and airway function. The role of this structure in airway protection and vocalization makes it clinically significant in anesthesia, otolaryngology, and emergency medicine, especially for intubation and surgical interventions like laryngectomy. Understanding laryngeal anatomy and physiology is essential for diagnosing nerve injuries, managing airway complications, and optimizing voice rehabilitation. Clinicians rely on this knowledge for surgical planning, airway management, and treatment of vocal cord dysfunction.