Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2017 Dec 20;284(1869). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1807.
Animal movement impacts the spread of human and wildlife diseases, and there is significant interest in understanding the role of migrations, biological invasions and other wildlife movements in spatial infection dynamics. However, the influence of processes acting on infections during transient phases of host movement is poorly understood. We propose a conceptual framework that explicitly considers infection dynamics during transient phases of host movement to better predict infection spread through spatial host networks. Accounting for host transient movement captures key processes that occur while hosts move between locations, which together determine the rate at which hosts spread infections through networks. We review theoretical and empirical studies of host movement and infection spread, highlighting the multiple factors that impact the infection status of hosts. We then outline characteristics of hosts, parasites and the environment that influence these dynamics. Recent technological advances provide disease ecologists unprecedented ability to track the fine-scale movement of organisms. These, in conjunction with experimental testing of the factors driving infection dynamics during host movement, can inform models of infection spread based on constituent biological processes.
动物的活动会影响人类和野生动物疾病的传播，因此人们非常关注迁徙、生物入侵和其他野生动物活动在空间感染动态中的作用。然而，在宿主活动的短暂阶段中，对影响感染的过程的了解还很有限。我们提出了一个概念框架，该框架明确考虑了宿主活动的短暂阶段中的感染动态，以更好地预测通过空间宿主网络传播的感染。考虑宿主的短暂移动可以捕获宿主在不同地点之间移动时发生的关键过程，这些过程共同决定了宿主通过网络传播感染的速度。我们回顾了宿主移动和感染传播的理论和实证研究，强调了影响宿主感染状况的多个因素。然后，我们概述了影响这些动态的宿主、寄生虫和环境的特征。最近的技术进步使疾病生态学家能够以前所未有的能力追踪生物体的微观运动。这些技术与对宿主移动过程中驱动感染动态的因素的实验测试相结合，可以为基于组成生物过程的感染传播模型提供信息。
