Coe W C, Basden B H, Basden D, Fikes T, Gargano G J, Webb M
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno 93740-0011.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Feb;56(2):189-98. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.189.
In three experiments we compared posthypnotic amnesia (PHA) with directed forgetting (DF), evaluating subjects' hypnotic susceptibility, hypnotized or not. Experiment 1 suggested that the memory processes in PHA and DF were not the same. Low and high susceptibility subjects responded differently in the two contexts. Experiment 2 demonstrated a context effect for highly susceptible subjects: They showed the usual DF response outside hypnosis but not during hypnosis. Experiment 3 showed that high and low susceptibility subjects responded similarly to DF instructions outside hypnosis, eliminating the susceptibility as an important variable in the DF response. We concluded: (a) The interaction of context and susceptibility was the important determinant of unusual DF responses for high susceptibles, and (b) information processing concepts are too limited to explain PHA and perhaps DF. Theories that include interactions appear necessary for an accurate understanding of hypnotic phenomena and perhaps some phenomena usually focused on by cognitive psychology.
在三项实验中，我们将催眠后遗忘（PHA）与定向遗忘（DF）进行了比较，评估了受试者是否被催眠及其催眠易感性。实验1表明，PHA和DF中的记忆过程并不相同。低易感性和高易感性受试者在两种情境下的反应不同。实验2证明了高易感性受试者存在情境效应：他们在催眠状态之外表现出通常的DF反应，但在催眠过程中则不然。实验3表明，高易感性和低易感性受试者在催眠状态之外对DF指令的反应相似，这消除了易感性作为DF反应中一个重要变量的影响。我们得出以下结论：（a）情境与易感性的相互作用是高易感性受试者出现异常DF反应的重要决定因素，（b）信息处理概念过于有限，无法解释PHA，或许也无法解释DF。对于准确理解催眠现象以及或许某些通常由认知心理学关注的现象而言，包含相互作用的理论似乎是必要的。
