催眠后遗忘中的情景记忆和语义记忆：重新评估

Episodic and semantic memory in posthypnotic amnesia: A reevaluation.

作者信息

Spanos N P, Radtke H L, Dubreuil D L

出版信息

J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982 Sep;43(3):565-73.

Abstract

Recently, Kihlstrom found that a suggestion for posthypnotic amnesia produced impairments on episodic but not semantic memory tasks. During amnesia testing, highly and very highly susceptible subjects showed reduced recall for a previously learned word list but no deficits on a word association task designed to elicit the forgotten words as associates. He hypnotized that posthypnotic amnesia involved a dissociation between episodic and semantic components of memory. We tested the alternative hypothesis that Kihlstrom's findings resulted from experimental demands conveyed by the wording of the amnesia suggestion he employed. We found that subjects could be induced to show only episodic impairments (thereby replicating Kihlstrom) or both episodic and semantic impairments (contrary to Kihlstrom) by subtly varying the wording of amnesia suggestions. These findings are inconsistent with a dissociation hypothesis. Instead, they support the notion that hypnotic amnesia is a strategic enactment strongly influenced by expectations generated in the amnesia testing situation.

摘要

最近，基尔斯特龙发现，一条关于催眠后遗忘的暗示对情景记忆任务产生了损害，但对语义记忆任务却没有影响。在遗忘测试期间，高度易受催眠和极易受催眠的受试者对之前学过的单词列表的回忆有所减少，但在一项旨在引出作为联想词的被遗忘单词的单词联想任务中却没有缺陷。他推测催眠后遗忘涉及记忆的情景成分和语义成分之间的分离。我们检验了另一种假设，即基尔斯特龙的发现是由他所采用的遗忘暗示的措辞所传达的实验要求导致的。我们发现，通过微妙地改变遗忘暗示的措辞，可以诱导受试者仅表现出情景记忆损害（从而复制了基尔斯特龙的结果），或者同时表现出情景记忆和语义记忆损害（与基尔斯特龙的结果相反）。这些发现与分离假设不一致。相反，它们支持了这样一种观点，即催眠性遗忘是一种受遗忘测试情境中产生的期望强烈影响的策略性表现。