Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Apr;235:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.032. Epub 2017 Dec 20.
To explore the influence of rapid urbanization development on the accumulation of 16 priority PAHs in urban environment, thirty-three surface sediments from city lakes in different urbanized areas of Shanghai were collected to evaluate the occurrence characteristic and source apportionment of PAHs. The concentrations of ΣPAHs in lake surface sediments ranged from 55.7 to 4928 ng g with a mean value of 1131 ng g (standard deviation, 1228 ng g), of which 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs were the dominant components. Spatial distribution of PAHs in lake surface sediments showed a significantly declining trend along with a decreasing urbanization gradient (one-way ANOVA, p < .05). Two hotspots of sediment PAHs were mainly distributed at highly urbanized areas with intensive population density and heavy traffic activities and at burgeoning industrial towns in the suburb. Source apportionment of total PAHs identified by a constrained positive matrix factorization model revealed that vehicle emission and combustion of coal, biomass and natural gas were the absolutely predominant sources, respectively accounting for 55.0% and 40.45% of total PAHs burden in lake sediments. Land use regression (LUR) models were successfully developed to evaluate spatial variation of PAHs contamination in urban sediments based on their significant correlations with residential land, commercial land, traffic variables, industrial sources, and population density. All PAH compounds showed strong associations with one or two source indicators (the traffic congestion index and the number of industrial sources), with the fitting R varying from 0.529 to 0.984. Our findings suggest that energy consumption related to land use activities obviously promoted PAH accumulations in urban sediment environment during rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in Shanghai.
为了探究快速城市化发展对城市环境中 16 种优先多环芳烃（PAHs）积累的影响，本研究采集了上海不同城市化地区城市湖泊的 33 个表层沉积物，以评估 PAHs 的赋存特征和来源解析。湖泊表层沉积物中ΣPAHs 的浓度范围为 55.7 至 4928ng/g，平均值为 1131ng/g（标准偏差为 1228ng/g），其中 4-、5-和 6-环 PAHs 为主要成分。湖泊表层沉积物中 PAHs 的空间分布沿城市化梯度呈显著下降趋势（单向方差分析，p<0.05）。两个沉积物 PAHs 热点主要分布在人口密度大、交通活动密集的高度城市化地区和郊区新兴工业城镇。受限正矩阵因子分解模型进行的总 PAHs 源解析表明，机动车排放和煤、生物质及天然气的燃烧分别是首要污染源，分别占湖泊沉积物中总 PAHs 负荷的 55.0%和 40.45%。基于与居住用地、商业用地、交通变量、工业源和人口密度的显著相关性，成功开发了用于评估城市沉积物中 PAHs 污染空间变化的土地利用回归（LUR）模型。所有 PAH 化合物都与一个或两个源指标（交通拥堵指数和工业源数量）具有很强的关联，拟合 R 值范围从 0.529 到 0.984。研究结果表明，与土地利用活动相关的能源消耗明显促进了上海城市化和工业化快速发展过程中城市沉积物环境中 PAHs 的积累。
