Bielefeld Martin, Drews Marion, Putzig Inken, Bottel Laura, Steinbüchel Toni, Dieris-Hirche Jan, Szycik Gregor R, Müller Astrid, Roy Mandy, Ohlmeier Martin, Theodor Te Wildt Bert
1 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital , Bochum, Germany.
2 General Practitioner , Edewecht, Germany.
J Behav Addict. 2017 Dec 1;6(4):490-504. doi: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.073.
Objectives There is good scientific evidence that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is both a predictor and a comorbidity of addictive disorders in adulthood. These associations not only focus on substance-related addictions but also on behavioral addictions like gambling disorder and Internet use disorder (IUD). For IUD, systematic reviews have identified ADHD as one of the most prevalent comorbidities besides depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet, there is a need to further understand the connections between both disorders to derive implications for specific treatment and prevention. This is especially the case in adult clinical populations where little is known about these relations so far. This study was meant to further investigate this issue in more detail based on the general hypothesis that there is a decisive intersection of psychopathology and etiology between IUD and ADHD. Methods Two case-control samples were examined at a university hospital. Adult ADHD and IUD patients ran through a comprehensive clinical and psychometrical workup. Results We found support for the hypothesis that ADHD and IUD share psychopathological features. Among patients of each group, we found substantial prevalence rates of a comorbid ADHD in IUD and vice versa. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms were positively associated with media use times and symptoms of Internet addiction in both samples. Discussion Clinical practitioners should be aware of the close relationships between the two disorders both diagnostically and therapeutically. When it comes to regain control over one's Internet use throughout treatment and rehabilitation, a potential shift of addiction must be kept in mind on side of practitioners and patients.
目标 有充分的科学证据表明，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）既是成年期成瘾性障碍的预测因素，也是其共病。这些关联不仅集中在与物质相关的成瘾上，还包括行为成瘾，如赌博障碍和互联网使用障碍（IUD）。对于IUD，系统评价已将ADHD确定为除抑郁和焦虑障碍之外最普遍的共病之一。然而，有必要进一步了解这两种障碍之间的联系，以便为具体的治疗和预防提供启示。在成年临床人群中尤其如此，到目前为止，人们对这些关系知之甚少。本研究旨在基于IUD和ADHD在精神病理学和病因学上存在决定性交叉点这一总体假设，更详细地进一步研究这个问题。方法 在一家大学医院对两个病例对照样本进行了检查。成年ADHD和IUD患者接受了全面的临床和心理测评。结果 我们发现支持ADHD和IUD具有共同精神病理学特征这一假设。在每组患者中，我们发现IUD中共病ADHD的患病率很高，反之亦然。此外，在两个样本中，ADHD症状均与媒体使用时间和网络成瘾症状呈正相关。讨论 临床医生在诊断和治疗方面都应意识到这两种障碍之间的密切关系。在整个治疗和康复过程中，当涉及到重新控制个人的互联网使用时，临床医生和患者都必须牢记成瘾可能发生的转变。
