1 Department of Psychology, University Paris Nanterre EA 4430 CLIPSYD , Nanterre, France.
2 GHT Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, CMME, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne , Paris, France.
J Behav Addict. 2018 Sep 1;7(3):743-751. doi: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.58. Epub 2018 Jul 16.
The aim of this study is to determine the possible links between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the presence of concomitant addictions with or without substance use in a French student population.
A battery of questionnaire measuring socioeconomic characteristics, university curriculum, ADHD (Wender Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), substance consumptions (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis), and behavioral addictions [(eating disorders (SCOFF)], Internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale), compulsive buying (Echeburua's), and problem gambling (The Canadian Problem Gambling Index)] and measures of physical activity (Godin's Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire) was filled up by university students in Rouen and Nanterre in France.
A total of 1,517 students were included (472 from Paris Nanterre and 1,042 from Rouen). The mean age was 20.6 years (SD = 3.6) and the sex ratio male to female was 0.46. The prevalence of ADHD among the students (current ADHD with a history of ADHD in childhood) was 5.6%. A quarter (25.7%) of students had already repeated their university curriculum, compared to 42.2% among the students with ADHD. Students with possible ADHD had repeated classes more often and believed to have a lower academic level than the students without ADHD. Significant differences were found as students with ADHD were less likely to succeed in their studies (repeated classes more often) than non-ADHD students, and considered their academic level to be lower. They also had significantly higher scores on substance (alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco) as well as behavioral addictions (gambling, compulsive buying disorder, eating disorders, and Internet addiction).
It seems essential to determine students' problems and propose interventions adapted to students' needs, in order to reduce the negative impact on their future academic and global successes.
本研究旨在确定法国学生群体中注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与同时存在的成瘾问题（无论是否涉及物质使用）之间的可能联系。
采用一系列问卷评估社会经济特征、大学课程、ADHD（Wender Utah 评定量表和成人 ADHD 自评量表）、物质使用（酒精、烟草和大麻）以及行为成瘾（饮食障碍（SCOFF）、网络成瘾（网络成瘾测试）、食物成瘾（耶鲁食物成瘾量表）、强迫性购买（Echeburua's）和问题赌博（加拿大问题赌博指数））和身体活动（Godin 的休闲时间运动问卷）。问卷由法国鲁昂和楠泰尔的大学生填写。
共纳入 1517 名学生（巴黎楠泰尔 472 名，鲁昂 1042 名）。平均年龄为 20.6 岁（标准差=3.6），男女比例为 0.46。学生中 ADHD 的患病率（目前有 ADHD 和儿童时期有 ADHD 病史）为 5.6%。四分之一（25.7%）的学生已经复读过大学课程，而 ADHD 学生中这一比例为 42.2%。可能患有 ADHD 的学生复读的次数更多，并且认为自己的学业水平低于没有 ADHD 的学生。研究发现，患有 ADHD 的学生比没有 ADHD 的学生更有可能复读（复读次数更多），并认为自己的学业水平较低。他们在物质（酒精、大麻和烟草）以及行为成瘾（赌博、强迫性购买障碍、饮食障碍和网络成瘾）方面的得分也显著较高。
确定学生的问题并提出适应学生需求的干预措施似乎至关重要，以减少对他们未来学业和整体成功的负面影响。
