Ilan M
Biol Bull. 1995 Jun;188(3):306-312. doi: 10.2307/1542307.
Sexual reproduction has been observed for the first time within the widely distributed sponge family, the Latrunculiidae. Latrunculia magnifica Keller 1889 was studied mainly in the northern Red Sea in the Gulf of Eilat and the Gulf of Suez. The sponge is hermaphroditic and viviparous. The embryo develops to a large (mean 868 +/- 144 {mu}m, max. 1200 {mu}m) parenchymella larva. The period of reproduction lasts for several months, ceasing only during the winter. Like oocytes, sperm appear to develop from archeocytes, which is uncommon among sponges. The presence of brooded larvae in L. magnifica supports the position of Latrunculiidae within the order Poecilosclerida, subclass Ceractinomorpha, rather than within the Tetractinomorpha. The absence of a periflagellar sleeve from around the base of the choanocyte's flagellum lends further support to this idea. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of secondary metabolites within the sponge and its nudibranch predator (Chromodoris quadricolor) confirms that both species contain the same latrunculin homologue (either A or B). The latter finding indicates the presence of a compound derived from the diet (i.e., sponge) within the nudibranch.
在广泛分布的海绵家族——白枝海绵科中首次观察到有性繁殖现象。壮丽白枝海绵（Latrunculia magnifica Keller 1889）主要是在红海北部的埃拉特湾和苏伊士湾进行研究的。这种海绵是雌雄同体且胎生的。胚胎发育成大型（平均868±144微米，最大1200微米）的实胚幼虫。繁殖期持续数月，仅在冬季停止。与卵母细胞一样，精子似乎也是由原细胞发育而来，这在海绵中并不常见。壮丽白枝海绵中育幼幼虫的存在支持了白枝海绵科在寻常海绵目、角骨海绵亚纲中的地位，而不是在四轴海绵亚纲中的地位。领细胞鞭毛基部周围没有围鞭毛鞘这一现象进一步支持了这一观点。对该海绵及其裸鳃类捕食者（四色多彩海牛，Chromodoris quadricolor）体内次生代谢产物的核磁共振（NMR）分析证实，这两个物种都含有相同的拉春库林同系物（A或B）。后一发现表明在裸鳃类动物体内存在一种源自食物（即海绵）的化合物。
