Strutzenberger Patrick, Brehm Gunnar, Gottsberger Brigitte, Bodner Florian, Seifert Carlo Lutz, Fiedler Konrad
Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 27;12(12):e0188430. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188430. eCollection 2017.
Eois is one of the best-investigated genera of tropical moths. Its close association with Piper plants has inspired numerous studies on life histories, phylogeny and evolutionary biology. This study provides an updated view on phylogeny, host plant use and temporal patterns of speciation in Eois. Using sequence data (2776 bp) from one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear gene (Ef1-alpha) for 221 Eois species, we confirm and reinforce previous findings regarding temporal patterns of diversification. Deep diversification within Andean Eois took place in the Miocene followed by a sustained high rate of diversification until the Pleistocene when a pronounced slowdown of speciation is evident. In South America, Eois diversification is very likely to be primarily driven by the Andean uplift which occurred concurrently with the entire evolutionary history of Eois. A massively expanded dataset enabled an in-depth look into the phylogenetic signal contained in host plant usage. This revealed several independent shifts from Piper to other host plant genera and families. Seven shifts to Peperomia, the sister genus of Piper were detected, indicating that the shift to Peperomia was an easy one compared to the singular shifts to the Chloranthaceae, Siparunaceae and the Piperacean genus Manekia. The potential for close co-evolution of Eois with Piper host plants is therefore bound to be limited to smaller subsets within Neotropical Eois instead of a frequently proposed genus-wide co-evolutionary scenario. In regards to Eois systematics we confirm the monophyly of Neotropical Eois in relation to their Old World counterparts. A tentative biogeographical hypothesis is presented suggesting that Eois originated in tropical Asia and subsequently colonized the Neotropics and Africa. Within Neotropical Eois we were able to identify the existence of six clades not recognized in previous studies and confirm and reinforce the monophyly of all 9 previously delimited infrageneric clades.
艾欧夜蛾属是热带蛾类中研究最为深入的属之一。它与派珀属植物的密切关联激发了众多关于生活史、系统发育和进化生物学的研究。本研究提供了关于艾欧夜蛾属系统发育、寄主植物利用和物种形成时间模式的最新观点。利用221种艾欧夜蛾的一个线粒体基因（细胞色素氧化酶亚基I，COI）和一个核基因（延伸因子1-α，Ef1-alpha）的序列数据（2776碱基对），我们证实并强化了先前关于多样化时间模式的研究结果。安第斯地区的艾欧夜蛾在中新世发生了深度多样化，随后多样化速率持续较高，直到更新世，物种形成明显放缓。在南美洲，艾欧夜蛾的多样化很可能主要是由安第斯山脉隆起驱动的，这与艾欧夜蛾的整个进化历史同时发生。大量扩充的数据集使得能够深入研究寄主植物利用中所包含的系统发育信号。这揭示了从派珀属植物到其他寄主植物属和科的几次独立转变。检测到向派珀属的姐妹属豆瓣绿属的七次转变，这表明与向金粟兰科、单心木兰科和胡椒科的马内基亚属的单次转变相比，向豆瓣绿属的转变更容易。因此，艾欧夜蛾与派珀属寄主植物紧密共同进化的潜力必然仅限于新热带区艾欧夜蛾属内较小的亚群，而非经常提出的全属范围的共同进化模式。关于艾欧夜蛾的系统分类，我们证实了新热带区艾欧夜蛾相对于其旧世界同类的单系性。提出了一个初步的生物地理学假说，表明艾欧夜蛾起源于热带亚洲，随后殖民了新热带区和非洲。在新热带区的艾欧夜蛾中，我们能够识别出先前研究中未被认可的六个分支的存在，并证实并强化了所有9个先前划定的亚属分支的单系性。
