Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2016 Jul-Sep;47(3):59-69.
Hormones of stress, glucocorticoids, regulate numerous physiological processes and functions. These hormonal effects involve diverse mechanisms of action. Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are transcription factors which regulate gene expression by canonical mechanism of the hormone action through interaction with specific nucleotide sequence (GRE) in the regulatory region of the gene. The effects of the canonical mechanism develop for several hours. Non-genomic rapid effects of the hormone emerged in seconds- minuets and supposed to be associated with yet not identified receptor in the plasma membrane. In addition to these slow and rapid hormonal actions, one more slow non-canonical mechanism of glucocorticoid action become increasingly evident. This mechanism is based on protein-protein interactions of GRs with other transcription factors. The main modern concepts of canonical, non-canonical and membrane mechanisms of hormone action are discussed in the review.
应激激素，即糖皮质激素，调节着众多生理过程和功能。这些激素效应涉及多种作用机制。糖皮质激素受体（GRs）是转录因子，通过与基因调控区域中的特定核苷酸序列（GRE）相互作用，以激素作用的经典机制调节基因表达。经典机制的效应需要数小时才能显现。激素的非基因组快速效应在数秒到数分钟内出现，推测与质膜中尚未确定的受体有关。除了这些缓慢和快速的激素作用外，糖皮质激素作用的另一种缓慢的非经典机制也越来越明显。这种机制基于GRs与其他转录因子的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。本综述讨论了激素作用的经典、非经典和膜机制的主要现代概念。
