Kirchner Alexander, Boiger Michael, Uchida Yukiko, Norasakkunkit Vinai, Verduyn Philippe, Mesquita Batja
a Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
b Kokoro Research Center , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
Cogn Emot. 2018 Sep;32(6):1317-1328. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1414686. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
It has been widely believed that individuals transform high-intensity shame into anger because shame is unbearably painful. This phenomenon was first coined "humiliated fury," and it has since received empirical support. The current research tests the novel hypothesis that shame-related anger is not universal, yet hinges on the cultural meanings of anger and shame. Two studies compared the occurrence of shame-related anger in North American cultural contexts (where shame is devalued and anger is valued) to its occurrence in Japanese contexts (where shame is valued and anger is devalued). In a daily-diary study, participants rated anger and shame feelings during shame situations that occurred over one week. In a vignette study, participants rated anger and shame in response to standardised shame vignettes that were generated in previous research by either U.S. or Japanese respondents. Across the two studies, and in line with previous research on humiliated fury, shame predicted anger for U.S.
Yet, neither in the daily diary study nor for the Japanese-origin vignettes, did we find shame-related anger in Japanese participants. Only when presented with U.S.-origin vignettes, did Japanese respondents in the vignette study report shame-related anger. The findings suggest that shame-related anger is a culture-specific phenomenon.
人们普遍认为，个体之所以会将强烈的羞耻转化为愤怒，是因为羞耻极其痛苦。这种现象最初被称为“屈辱的愤怒”，此后得到了实证支持。当前的研究检验了一个新的假设，即与羞耻相关的愤怒并非普遍存在，而是取决于愤怒和羞耻的文化意义。两项研究比较了北美文化背景（羞耻被贬低而愤怒被重视）下与羞耻相关的愤怒的发生情况和日本文化背景（羞耻被重视而愤怒被贬低）下与羞耻相关的愤怒的发生情况。在一项日常日记研究中，参与者对一周内发生的羞耻情境中的愤怒和羞耻感进行评分。在一项 vignette 研究中，参与者对之前由美国或日本受访者生成的标准化羞耻 vignette 所引发的愤怒和羞耻进行评分。在这两项研究中，与之前关于屈辱的愤怒的研究一致，羞耻预示着美国参与者的愤怒。
然而，无论是在日常日记研究中，还是对于源自日本的 vignette，我们在日本参与者中都未发现与羞耻相关的愤怒。只有在面对源自美国的 vignette 时，vignette 研究中的日本受访者才报告了与羞耻相关的愤怒。研究结果表明，与羞耻相关的愤怒是一种特定文化的现象。
