Phys Sportsmed. 1982 Oct;10(10):95-108. doi: 10.1080/00913847.1982.11947343.
In brief In mild concussion there is a transient disturbance of neurological function but no loss of consciousness. In the moderate form there is a loss of consciousness for less than five minutes, usually with some retrograde posttraumatic amnesia. The severe category covers loss of consciousness for longer than five minutes, wandering eye movements, and lack of purposeful responses. Loss of short-term memory and coordination are the two primary deficits that occur after concussion. An athlete who loses consciousness should not participate again that day; any athlete who remains unconscious for more than several minutes should be hospitalized. An athlete who has had more than one concussion in a season can return to play when he or she is free of neurological disturbance.
简而言之，轻度脑震荡时神经功能有短暂紊乱，但无意识丧失。中度脑震荡时，意识丧失少于5分钟，通常伴有一些创伤后逆行性遗忘。重度脑震荡包括意识丧失超过5分钟、眼球游动及缺乏目的性反应。短期记忆丧失和协调性差是脑震荡后出现的两个主要缺陷。失去意识的运动员当天不应再参加比赛；任何昏迷超过几分钟的运动员都应住院治疗。一个赛季中发生过不止一次脑震荡的运动员，在没有神经功能紊乱时可以重返赛场。
