Calle Paul, Sundahl Nora, Maudens Kristof, Wille Sarah Mr, Van Sassenbroeck Diederik, De Graeve Koen, Gogaert Stefan, De Paepe Peter, Devriese Dieter, Arno Geert, Blanckaert Peter
1Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium.
3Toxicological Centre,University of Antwerp,Antwerp,Belgium.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018 Feb;33(1):71-76. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X17007099. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Introduction Medical problems are frequently encountered during electronic dance music (EDM) events. Problem There are uncertainties about the frequencies and severity of intoxications with different types of recreational drugs: ethanol, "classical" illicit party drugs, and new psychoactive substances (NPS).
Statistical data on the medical problems encountered during two editions of an indoor electronic dance event with around 30,000 attendants were retrieved from the Belgian Red Cross (Mechelen, Belgium) database. Data on drug use were prospectively collected from the patient (or a bystander), the clinical presentation, and/or toxicological screening.
In the on-site medical station, 487 patients were treated (265 in 2013 and 222 in 2014). The most frequent reasons were trauma (n=171), headache (n=36), gastro-intestinal problems (n=44), and intoxication (n=160). Sixty-nine patients were transferred to a hospital, including 53 with severe drug-related symptoms. Analysis of blood samples from 106 intoxicated patients detected ethanol in 91.5%, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in 34.0%, cannabis in 30.2%, cocaine in 7.5%, amphetamine in 2.8%, and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in 0.9% of patients (alone or in combination). In only six of the MDMA-positive cases, MDMA was the sole substance found. In 2014, the neuroleptic drug clozapine was found in three cases and ketamine in one. Additional analyses for NPS were performed in 20 cases. Only in one agitated patient, the psychedelic phenethylamines 25B-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe were found.
At this particular event, recreational drug abuse necessitated on-site medical treatment in one out of 350 attendants and a hospital transfer in one out of 1,000. Ethanol remains the most frequently abused (legal) drug, yet classical illicit recreational drugs are also frequently (co-) ingested. The most worrying observation was high-risk poly-drug use, especially among MDMA users. Regarding NPS, the number of cases was low and the clinical presentations were rather mild. It should be stressed that these observations only apply to this particular event and cannot be generalized to other EDM events. Calle P , Sundahl N , Maudens K , Wille SMR , Van Sassenbroeck D , De Graeve K , Gogaert S , De Paepe P , Devriese D , Arno G , Blanckaert P . Medical emergencies related to ethanol and illicit drugs at an annual, nocturnal, indoor, electronic dance music event. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):71-76.
引言 在电子舞曲（EDM）活动期间经常会遇到医疗问题。问题 对于不同类型的消遣性药物（乙醇、“传统”非法派对药物和新型精神活性物质（NPS））中毒的频率和严重程度存在不确定性。
从比利时红十字会（比利时梅赫伦）数据库中检索了在两场约有30000名参与者的室内电子舞曲活动期间遇到的医疗问题的统计数据。关于药物使用的数据是前瞻性地从患者（或旁观者）、临床表现和/或毒理学筛查中收集的。
在现场医疗站，共治疗了487名患者（2013年265名，2014年222名）。最常见的原因是外伤（n = 171）、头痛（n = 36）、胃肠道问题（n = 44）和中毒（n = 160）。69名患者被转至医院，其中53名有严重的药物相关症状。对106名中毒患者的血液样本分析发现，91.5%的患者检测出乙醇，34.0%的患者检测出3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸），30.2%的患者检测出大麻，7.5%的患者检测出可卡因，2.8%的患者检测出苯丙胺，0.9%的患者检测出γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）（单独或混合使用）。在仅有的6例摇头丸阳性病例中，摇头丸是唯一检测到的物质。2014年，在3例病例中发现了抗精神病药物氯氮平，1例中发现了氯胺酮。对20例病例进行了新型精神活性物质的额外分析。仅在1例躁动患者中发现了致幻苯乙胺25B-NBOMe和25C-NBOMe。
在这一特定活动中，每350名参与者中就有1人因消遣性药物滥用需要现场医疗救治，每1000人中就有1人需要转院治疗。乙醇仍然是最常被滥用的（合法）药物，但传统非法消遣性药物也经常被（共同）摄入。最令人担忧的观察结果是高风险的多药使用，尤其是在摇头丸使用者中。关于新型精神活性物质，病例数量较少且临床表现较为轻微。应该强调的是，这些观察结果仅适用于这一特定活动，不能推广到其他电子舞曲活动。卡勒·P、桑达尔·N、莫登斯·K、维勒·SMR、范·萨森布罗克·D、德·格拉埃夫·K、戈加尔特·S、德·佩佩·P、德弗里塞·D、阿尔诺·G、布兰卡特·P。年度夜间室内电子舞曲活动中与乙醇和非法药物相关的医疗紧急情况。院前灾难医学。2018；33(1):71 - 76。
