Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome: A case report and review.

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare type of male pseudohermaphroditism caused by a deficiency in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) or a defect in its type II receptor. The current study reports the clinical data and results of the genetic analysis of a 17-month-old male diagnosed with PMDS. The clinical manifestations of the patient included a left transverse testicular ectopia and bilateral cryptorchidism. Pelvic ultrasonography indicated two testes on the same left inguinal ring and left inguinal hernia and uterine tissue located at the left rear of the bladder. Karyotype analysis detected a 46,XY chromosome pattern and tests determined that the level of AMH was increased. Gene sequencing of AMHR-II indicated a compound heterozygous nucleotide variation and identified two novel mutations. The c.1184 (E9) to c.1185 (E9) CT deletion mutant gene originated from the father of the patient. This mutation causes a frameshift resulting in a truncated protein. The c.1388G>A (E10) mutant site was derived from the patient's mother and caused a change in p.463, R>H, resulting in the alteration of the structure of the protein, which subsequently induced a conformational change in AMHR-II. The results of the current study may help to further understanding of the PMDS genetic profile.