Pona Ashleigh A, Jones Angela C, Masterson Tracy L, Ben-Porath Denise D
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Department of Psychology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, USA.
Eat Weight Disord. 2019 Dec;24(6):1165-1171. doi: 10.1007/s40519-017-0472-z. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
To investigate attentional and memorial biases towards body shape pictures among female patients with clinical eating disorders and healthy female controls.
A visual dot-probe task was used to assess attention towards pictures reflecting either a thin, normal, or obese female body shape. Pictures were presented in pairs; each pair depicted two different body shapes and were presented twice. Participant responses were compared across time and population.
Overall, the eating disorder patients responded more slowly than controls, F(1,63) = 20.32, p < .001. Both groups showed an attentional bias towards the larger of two body shapes, F(1,63) = 4.30, p = .04, and responded more quickly the second time they viewed the picture pairs, F(1,63) = 33.80, p < .001. Upon second viewing of picture pairs, the eating disorder patients had a larger decrease in reaction time (86 ms) than the control sample (33 ms) only when both pictures included extreme body shapes (thin and obese); the decrease in reaction time when one of the pictures included a normal body shape was the same across groups upon second viewing (eating disorder: 37 ms; control: 32 ms), F(1,63) = 9.32, p = .003.
These findings suggest that individuals with eating disorders may be biased towards recall of dichotomous and/or extreme body shape images. While it remains unclear whether attentional and/or memorial bias is a risk, maintenance, or causal factor in eating disorders, future studies should employ longitudinal, prospective research designs to address these questions.
Level II, comparative study.
研究患有临床饮食失调症的女性患者和健康女性对照者对体型图片的注意力和记忆偏差。
使用视觉点探测任务来评估对反映瘦、正常或肥胖女性体型图片的注意力。图片以成对形式呈现；每对描绘两种不同的体型，并呈现两次。比较参与者在不同时间和人群中的反应。
总体而言，饮食失调症患者的反应比对照组慢，F(1,63) = 20.32，p <.001。两组都对两种体型中较大的体型表现出注意力偏差，F(1,63) = 4.30，p =.04，并且在第二次查看图片对时反应更快，F(1,63) = 33.80，p <.001。在第二次查看图片对时，仅当两张图片都包含极端体型（瘦和胖）时，饮食失调症患者的反应时间下降幅度（86毫秒）比对照组样本（33毫秒）更大；当其中一张图片包含正常体型时，第二次查看时两组的反应时间下降幅度相同（饮食失调症组：37毫秒；对照组：32毫秒），F(1,63) = 9.32，p =.003。
这些发现表明，患有饮食失调症的个体可能对二分法和/或极端体型图像的回忆存在偏差。虽然尚不清楚注意力和/或记忆偏差是饮食失调症的风险因素、维持因素还是因果因素，但未来的研究应采用纵向、前瞻性研究设计来解决这些问题。
二级，比较研究。
