Loganovsky K, Kuts K
tate Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Melnykova str., 53, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2017 Dec;22:38-68.
The article provides an overview of modern physiological evidence to support the hypothesis on cortico limbic sys tem dysfunction due to the hippocampal neurogenesis impairment as a basis of the brain interhemispheric asym metry and neurocognitive deficit after radiation exposure. The importance of the research of both evoked poten tials and fields as a highly sensitive and informative method is emphasized.Particular attention is paid to cerebral sensor systems dysfunction as a typical effect of ionizing radiation. Changes in functioning of the central parts of sensory analyzers of different modalities as well as the violation of brain integrative information processes under the influence of small doses of ionizing radiation can be critical when determining the radiation risks of space flight. The possible long term prospects for manned flights into space, including to Mars, given the effects identified are discussed. Potential risks to the central nervous system during space travel comprise cognitive functions impairment, including the volume of short term memory short ening, impaired motor functions, behavioral changes that could affect human performance and health. The remote risks for CNS are considered to be the following possible neuropsychiatric disorders: accelerated brain aging, Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. The new radiocerebral dose dependent effect, when applied cog nitive auditory evoked potentials P300 technique with a possible threshold dose of 0.05 Gy, manifesting in a form of disruption of information processing in the Wernicke's area is under discussion. In order to identify neurophys iological biological markers of ionizing radiation further international researches with adequate dosimetry support are necessary.
本文概述了现代生理学证据，以支持关于海马神经发生受损导致皮质边缘系统功能障碍的假说，该假说作为辐射暴露后大脑半球间不对称和神经认知缺陷的基础。强调了将诱发电位和场作为一种高度敏感且信息丰富的方法进行研究的重要性。特别关注脑感觉系统功能障碍这一电离辐射的典型效应。在确定太空飞行的辐射风险时，不同模态感觉分析仪中枢部分功能的变化以及小剂量电离辐射影响下大脑综合信息处理过程的破坏可能至关重要。讨论了考虑到已确定的影响，包括前往火星的载人太空飞行的可能长期前景。太空旅行期间中枢神经系统的潜在风险包括认知功能受损，包括短期记忆量缩短、运动功能受损、可能影响人类表现和健康的行为变化。中枢神经系统的远期风险被认为是以下可能的神经精神疾病：大脑加速衰老、阿尔茨海默病和其他类型的痴呆症。正在讨论一种新的放射性脑剂量依赖性效应，即应用认知听觉诱发电位P300技术时，可能的阈值剂量为0.05 Gy，表现为韦尼克区信息处理中断的形式。为了确定电离辐射的神经生理生物学标志物，有必要在充分的剂量测定支持下进行进一步的国际研究。
