Buzunov V O, Loganovsky K M, Krasnikova L I, Bomko M O, Belyayev Yu M, Yaroshenko Zh S, Domashevska T E
State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Melnykova str., 53, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2017 Dec;22:79-96.
Numerous scientific studies have been carried out since the ChNPP accident indicating that the last one has caused a severe psychosocial stress in survivors. Population of radioactively contaminated territories, people migrated from the areas of strict radiation control, and accident consequences clean up participants in 1986 1987 were covered by the conducted research projects. Nature of the stress herewith is polygenic and includes factors directly related to the Chernobyl catastrophe, and factors being a result of social and economic circumstances. This report is devot ed to the results of research on psychosocial state of population evacuated from the 30 km zone of the ChNPP.
Study and evaluation of psychosocial state of population evacuated from the 30 km ChNPP zone at the age of 18 years and older; identification of potential psychosocial risk factors for the health loss.
The sampling epidemiological study of psychosocial state of population aged 18-50 years evacuated from the 30 km zone of ChNPP was conducted at the NRCRM Radiation Registry Outpatient Clinic and Radiation Psychoneurology Department. The study subjects (n=258) were mostly (98%) females. Study was con ducted from October 2013 till May 2015. All the sample members were registered since 1992 in the system of life long health monitoring, i.e. the NRCRM Clinical and Epidemiological Registry. Study subjects were interviewed through the method using an original «Questioning Inventory». Mathematical processing of study results was held using the Epi Info 7 software package.
According to the study results, a nuclear accident at the Chornobyl NPP has become a powerful psychoso cial stress for evacuated people. Psychosocial state of the evacuees, formed during the post accident period, with full reason can be defined as a state of stable, chronic psychosocial stress. Nature of factors that caused the stress development is polygenic. Block of stressors directly related to the accident was determined, namely there were «change of radiation and ecological situation», «ionizing irradiation», «evacuation», and «radical breaking of dynamic stereotype of behavior and life». In parallel there was selected a block of stress factors generated by that background, i.e. psychological, social, economic, and cultural, on which a nuclear disaster was imposed upon. The effects of stress have manifested as a persistent syndrome of «anxiety» for the personal health and health of fami ly members, primarily the children, and as a stable state of «dissatisfaction» with fullness and quality of life.
The nuclear accident at the ChNPP has been the cause of a strong psychosocial stress in adult evacu ated population, especially in women. Further in a remote period the stress was transformed into a stable, chronic form. Nature of stress is polygenic and includes stressors directly related to the accident, and stressors that are not directly related to the accident consequences, but are due to the level of social, economic, medical, and informa tional protection of survivors. Data presented in the paper are rather enough important for the formation of strate gies and measures for social and psychological protection of population in an event of nuclear accidents and incidents.
自切尔诺贝利核电站事故以来，已经开展了大量科学研究，表明该事故给幸存者造成了严重的社会心理压力。受放射性污染地区的居民、从严格辐射控制地区迁移而来的人以及1986 - 1987年事故后果清理参与者都被纳入了相关研究项目。此处压力的性质是多基因的，包括与切尔诺贝利灾难直接相关的因素，以及社会和经济环境导致的因素。本报告致力于对从切尔诺贝利核电站30公里区域撤离的人群的社会心理状态进行研究的结果。
研究和评估18岁及以上从切尔诺贝利核电站30公里区域撤离的人群的社会心理状态；确定健康损失的潜在社会心理风险因素。
在国家辐射医学与放射生物学研究中心辐射登记门诊和放射精神神经科，对从切尔诺贝利核电站30公里区域撤离的18 - 50岁人群的社会心理状态进行抽样流行病学研究。研究对象（n = 258）大多（98%）为女性。研究于2013年10月至2015年5月进行。所有样本成员自1992年起就被纳入终身健康监测系统，即国家辐射医学与放射生物学研究中心临床与流行病学登记处。通过使用原创的“问卷调查量表”的方法对研究对象进行访谈。使用Epi Info 7软件包对研究结果进行数学处理。
根据研究结果，切尔诺贝利核电站的核事故对撤离人员来说已成为强大的社会心理压力源。事故后时期形成的撤离人员的社会心理状态，可以有充分理由被定义为一种稳定的慢性社会心理压力状态。导致压力发展的因素性质是多基因的。确定了与事故直接相关的压力源组，即“辐射和生态状况变化”、“电离辐射”、“撤离”以及“行为和生活动态模式的彻底打破”。同时，还选取了由该背景产生的压力因素组，即心理、社会、经济和文化方面的因素，核灾难叠加在这些因素之上。压力的影响表现为对个人健康和家庭成员健康，尤其是儿童健康的持续“焦虑”综合征，以及对生活充实度和质量的稳定“不满”状态。
切尔诺贝利核电站的核事故是成年撤离人群，尤其是女性产生强烈社会心理压力的原因。在更遥远的时期，这种压力转变为一种稳定的慢性形式。压力的性质是多基因的，包括与事故直接相关的压力源，以及与事故后果无直接关联但归因于幸存者社会、经济、医疗和信息保护水平的压力源。本文所呈现的数据对于在发生核事故和事件时制定人群社会心理保护的策略和措施相当重要。
