Buzunov V O, Loganovsky K N, Krasnikova L I, Bomko M O, Belyaev Yu M, Yaroshenko Zh S, Domashevska T Ye
State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Melnykova Str., 04050 Kyiv, Ukraine.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2016 Dec;21:106-118.
It is generally recognized that the Chornobyl nuclear accident caused strong psychosocial stress affecting the entire population of Ukraine, primarily people involved in recovery operations. But what are the reasons? What is the struc ture of stressors? What are their social, medical and biological consequences, what are strategy and preventive meas ures? Issues that require special research and development.
To study social and psychological state of the Chornobyl cleanup workers 1986-1987, and to determine regularities of changes and dangerous risk factors.
On the basis of Polyclinic of Radiation Registry, NRCRM, we conducted sample epidemiolog ical study of social and psychological state of the Chornobyl clean up workers 1986-1987. We used method of inter viewing based on «questionnaire», specially developed for this purpose. The study was conducted in October 2013 - May 2015. The sample numbered 235 males aged 18-50 at the time of the accident. Their average age was (31.3 ± 5.3) years at the time of the accident and (58.9 ± 5.3) at the time of survey.
The results revealed that the Chornobyl nuclear accident and its consequences caused strong social and psychological stress among clean up workers 1986-1987. We have identified a set of factors closely related to the Chornobyl accident, they have caused a sustainable development of mental syndrome - «Anxiety about their own health and the health of family members, especially children». The other set of stressors which are not closely relat ed to the Chornobyl accident but are the result of the social and economic, social and political situation in the coun try. However the former was found to be the cause of such a psychological state as «dissatisfaction with the com pleteness and quality of life».
Social and psychological state of the Chornobyl clean up workers 1986-1987 is estimated as «poor» and it integrally can be characterized as a state of chronic psychosocial stress. Mental syndrome «Anxiety about per sonal health and the health of family members» and psychological syndrome «Dissatisfaction with living condi tions» are main consequences of this state. We identified the main stressors closely related to the consequences of the Chornobyl accident as well as those that are not related to the accident but affect profoundly the level of men tal, social and physical well being. Results of the research are of great importance in organization and provision of social, medical and antiradiation protection of population under emergency situations involving radiation exposure. Key words: Chornobyl accident, clean up workers, social and psychological state, risk factors.
人们普遍认为，切尔诺贝利核事故造成了强烈的社会心理压力，影响了乌克兰全体民众，主要是参与恢复行动的人员。但原因是什么？压力源的结构是怎样的？它们的社会、医学和生物学后果是什么，战略和预防措施又是什么？这些问题需要专门的研究和探讨。
研究1986 - 1987年切尔诺贝利清理人员的社会心理状态，并确定变化规律和危险风险因素。
基于国家辐射医学与人类生态学研究所辐射登记综合门诊部，我们对1986 - 1987年切尔诺贝利清理人员的社会心理状态进行了抽样流行病学研究。我们采用了基于为此专门制定的“问卷”的访谈方法。研究于2013年10月至2015年5月进行。样本为事故发生时年龄在18 - 50岁的235名男性。事故发生时他们的平均年龄为(31.3 ± 5.3)岁，调查时为(58.9 ± 5.3)岁。
结果显示，1986 - 1987年切尔诺贝利核事故及其后果在清理人员中造成了强烈的社会心理压力。我们确定了一组与切尔诺贝利事故密切相关的因素，它们导致了心理综合征——“对自身健康以及家庭成员尤其是子女健康的焦虑”的持续发展。另一组压力源与切尔诺贝利事故关系不密切，而是该国社会经济、社会政治状况的结果。然而，前者被发现是导致“对生活完整性和质量不满意”这种心理状态的原因。
1986 - 1987年切尔诺贝利清理人员的社会心理状态被评估为“不佳”，总体上可被描述为一种慢性社会心理压力状态。心理综合征“对个人健康和家庭成员健康的焦虑”以及心理综合征“对生活条件不满意”是这种状态的主要后果。我们确定了与切尔诺贝利事故后果密切相关的主要压力源，以及那些与事故无关但对心理、社会和身体健康水平有深远影响的压力源。该研究结果对于在涉及辐射暴露的紧急情况下组织和提供民众的社会、医疗和抗辐射保护具有重要意义。关键词：切尔诺贝利事故；清理人员；社会心理状态；风险因素
