Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, MacKinnon Bldg. Room 4020, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Feb;85:126-145. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.005.
Biological differences between males and females are found at multiple levels. However, females have too often been under-represented in behavioral neuroscience research, which has stymied the study of potential sex differences in neurobiology and behavior. This review focuses on the study of sex differences in the neurobiology of social behavior, memory, emotions, and recovery from brain injury, with particular emphasis on the role of estrogens in regulating forebrain function. This work, presented by the authors at the 2016 meeting of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society, emphasizes varying approaches from several mammalian species in which sex differences have not only been documented, but also become the focus of efforts to understand the mechanistic basis underlying them. This information may provide readers with useful experimental tools to successfully address recently introduced regulations by granting agencies that either require (e.g. the National Institutes of Health in the United States and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research in Canada) or recommend (e.g. Horizon 2020 in Europe) the inclusion of both sexes in biomedical research.
男性和女性之间存在着多个层次的生物学差异。然而，在行为神经科学研究中，女性的代表性往往不足，这阻碍了对神经生物学和行为中潜在性别差异的研究。本综述重点关注社会行为、记忆、情绪以及大脑损伤后恢复的神经生物学性别差异的研究，特别强调雌激素在调节前脑功能中的作用。作者在 2016 年国际行为神经科学学会会议上介绍了这项工作，强调了几种哺乳动物物种的不同方法，这些物种不仅记录了性别差异，而且还将其作为理解其潜在机制基础的努力的重点。这些信息可能为读者提供有用的实验工具，成功地解决最近由资助机构引入的规定，这些规定要求（例如，美国国立卫生研究院和加拿大卫生研究院）或建议（例如，欧洲的地平线 2020 计划）将两性都纳入生物医学研究中。
