Kushiro Laboratory, Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 116 Katsurakoi, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0802, Japan.
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 3-27-5 Shinhama, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan.
Mar Environ Res. 2018 Mar;134:28-36. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.12.015. Epub 2017 Dec 19.
This study assessed the effects of constant and diurnally fluctuating pCO on development and shell formation of larval abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The larvae was exposed to different pCO conditions; constant [450, 800, or 1200 μatm in the first experiment (Exp. I), 450 or 780 μatm in the second experiment (Exp. II)] or diurnally fluctuating pCO (800 ± 400 or 1200 ± 400 μatm in Exp. I, 450 ± 80, 780 ± 200 or 780 ± 400 μatm in Exp. II). Mortality, malformation rates or shell length of larval abalone were not significantly different among the 450, 800, and 800 ± 400 μatm pCO treatments. Meanwhile, significantly higher malformation rates and smaller shells were detected in the 1200 and 1200 ± 400 μatm pCO treatments than in the 450 μatm pCO treatment. The negative impacts were greater in the 1200 ± 400 μatm than in the 1200 μatm. Shell length and malformation rate of larval abalone were related with aragonite saturation state (Ω-aragonite) in experimental seawater, and greatly changed around 1.1 of Ω-aragonite which corresponded to 1000-1300 μatm pCO. These results indicate that there is a pCO threshold associated with Ω-aragonite in the seawater, and that pCO fluctuations produce additional negative impacts on abalone when above the threshold. Clear relationships were detected between abalone fitness and the integrated pCO value over the threshold, indicating that the effects of OA on development and shell formation of larval abalone can be determined by intensity and time of exposure to pCO over the threshold.
本研究评估了恒 pCO 和昼夜波动 pCO 对幼鲍 Haliotis discus hannai 发育和壳形成的影响。幼虫暴露于不同的 pCO 条件下；恒 pCO（第一实验（Exp. I）中为 450、800 或 1200 μatm，第二实验（Exp. II）中为 450 或 780 μatm）或昼夜波动 pCO（第一实验中为 800 ± 400 或 1200 ± 400 μatm，Exp. II 中为 450 ± 80、780 ± 200 或 780 ± 400 μatm）。在 450、800 和 800 ± 400 μatm pCO 处理组之间，幼鲍的死亡率、畸形率或壳长没有显著差异。同时，在 1200 和 1200 ± 400 μatm pCO 处理组中，畸形率和壳长显著高于 450 μatm pCO 处理组。在 1200 ± 400 μatm 处理组中的影响大于在 1200 μatm 处理组中的影响。幼鲍的壳长和畸形率与实验海水中的方解石饱和度状态（Ω-方解石）有关，并且在 Ω-方解石约为 1.1 时发生很大变化，对应于 1000-1300 μatm pCO。这些结果表明，海水中存在与 Ω-方解石相关的 pCO 阈值，当高于阈值时，pCO 波动会对鲍产生额外的负面影响。在阈值以上，幼鲍的适应性与阈值以上的综合 pCO 值之间存在明显的关系，这表明 OA 对幼鲍发育和壳形成的影响可以通过暴露于阈值以上的 pCO 的强度和时间来确定。
