School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 11, Switzerland; Biology Department, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 11, Switzerland.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Apr 24;216:71-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.037. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
In West Africa, populations are used to taking traditional medicine as a first aid against common health problems. In this aspect, many plants are claimed to be effective in the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB), which according to the World Health Organization (WHO) remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases.
The main aim of this study was to identify plants used to treat TB-symptoms by the population of Senegal and to evaluate their possible concomitant use with clinically approved TB-drugs. This approach allowed the selection of plants effectively used in traditional medicine. In order to verify if the usage of some of these plants can be rationalized, the activity of their traditional preparations was assessed with both an intracellular and extracellular antimycobacterial host-pathogen assays.
An ethnopharmacological survey conducted on 117 TB-patients and 30 healers in Senegal from March to May 2014. The questionnaires were focused on the use of medicinal plants to treat common TB -symptoms (cough longer than 2 weeks, fever, night sweats, weight loss and bloody sputum). Local plant names, utilized organs (herbal drugs) and traditional formulations of the plants were recorded. Extracts were prepared by mimicking the traditional decoction in boiling water and screened for their antimycobacterial activity using Mycobacterium marinum, as a validated TB surrogate, and an Acanthamoeba castellanii - M. marinum whole-cell based host-pathogen assay, to detect anti-infective activities.
By the end of the survey, nearly 30 plants were cited and the 12 most cited herbal drugs were collected and their usage documented by extensive literature search. Extracts of the chosen herbs were screened with the described assays; with a main focus on traditional formulas (mainly herbal decoctions). Two of the water extracts from Combretum aculeatum and Guiera senegalensis showed significant antimycobacterial activities when compared to the positive control drug (rifampin). These extracts showed no observable toxicity against amoeba host cells (Acanthamoeba castellanii).
This study demonstrates that most of the patients do not concomitantly use plants and TB drugs (~90% of informants) but, instead, most are treated with medicinal plants before they are admitted to a hospital (41%). Interestingly, among the aqueous extracts assayed, two extracts (Combretum aculeatum (Combretaceae) and Guiera senegalensis (Combretaceae)) collected within this survey demonstrate antimycobacterial activities on the validated whole-cell based host-pathogen assay. Both extracts showed significant activities against intracellular and extracellular - M. marinum growth presenting IC lower than 0.5mg/ml compared to the reference drug Rifampin (IC of 0.4 and 7µg/ml). No toxicity was observed for amoebae cells at concentration until 0.8mg/ml.
在西非，人们习惯于将传统医学作为治疗常见健康问题的急救措施。在这方面，许多植物据称对治疗结核病（TB）有效，而根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，结核病仍然是世界上最致命的传染病之一。
本研究的主要目的是确定塞内加尔人群中用于治疗结核病症状的植物，并评估它们与临床批准的结核病药物的可能同时使用。这种方法允许选择在传统医学中有效使用的植物。为了验证使用其中一些植物是否可以合理化，我们使用细胞内和细胞外抗分枝杆菌宿主-病原体测定法评估了其传统制剂的活性。
2014 年 3 月至 5 月期间，在塞内加尔对 117 名结核病患者和 30 名治疗师进行了一项民族药理学调查。调查问卷侧重于使用药用植物治疗常见的结核病症状（咳嗽持续超过 2 周、发热、盗汗、体重减轻和血性痰）。记录了当地植物名称、使用的器官（草药）和植物的传统制剂。通过模拟传统的在沸水中煮药来制备提取物，并使用海分枝杆菌（一种经过验证的结核病替代物）和基于变形虫（棘阿米巴）-海分枝杆菌全细胞的宿主-病原体测定法筛选提取物的抗分枝杆菌活性，以检测抗感染活性。
调查结束时，近 30 种植物被引用，收集了 12 种最常被引用的草药，并通过广泛的文献检索记录了它们的使用情况。用描述的测定法筛选所选草药的提取物；主要关注传统配方（主要是草药煎剂）。两种来自 Combretum aculeatum 和 Guiera senegalensis 的水提取物与阳性对照药物（利福平）相比表现出显著的抗分枝杆菌活性。这些提取物对变形虫宿主细胞（棘阿米巴）没有观察到毒性。
本研究表明，大多数患者在住院前（41%）并不同时使用植物和结核病药物（~90%的受访者），而是大多接受药用植物治疗。有趣的是，在所测试的水提取物中，两种提取物（金虎尾科的 Combretum aculeatum 和使君子科的 Guiera senegalensis）在经过验证的基于全细胞的宿主-病原体测定法中显示出抗分枝杆菌活性。两种提取物对细胞内和细胞外 - M. marinum 的生长均表现出显著的活性，其 IC 低于 0.5mg/ml，而对照药物利福平的 IC 为 0.4 和 7µg/ml。在 0.8mg/ml 浓度下，未观察到对变形虫细胞的毒性。
