Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan 22110.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan 22110.
J Dairy Sci. 2018 Mar;101(3):2324-2334. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13665. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
This study aimed to determine the major diseases, antimicrobial use, and resistance in commensal Escherichia coli in dairy cattle in Jordan. Forty-three (large, n = 21; small, n = 22) farms were surveyed. A validated questionnaire was administered to the herdsmen to elicit information about disease prevalence, antimicrobial knowledge, and antimicrobial use. In addition, fecal samples were collected from 5 lactating animals on each farm. A total of 520 E. coli isolates were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobials. From the herdsmen's perspective, the diseases that require use of veterinary services in large and small production systems were mastitis (51.2%), metritis (51.2%), and enteritis (39.5%), and the most commonly used antimicrobials were oxytetracycline and streptomycin. Dairy herdsmen (83.7%) reported that it is easy to purchase antimicrobials without a veterinary prescription and 97.7% of them more frequently changed the antimicrobial drug rather than increasing the dose when presented with nonresponse to treatment. Escherichia coli isolates exhibited high resistance to streptomycin (47.5%), tetracycline (45.4%), and ampicillin (34.2%). Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. Overall, 64.6 and 37.1% of the E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to ≥1 antimicrobial and multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), respectively. The isolates exhibited 107 antimicrobial resistance profiles. This study indicates that antimicrobials are frequently misused in dairies in Jordan and that resistance among commensal E. coli toward antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance is high. Therefore, educational programs for herdsmen and enacting regulations and guidelines are necessary to promote the judicious use of antimicrobials in dairy animals in Jordan.
本研究旨在确定约旦奶牛肠道共生大肠杆菌的主要疾病、抗菌药物使用情况和耐药性。对 43 个（大型，n=21；小型，n=22）农场进行了调查。向牧民发放了经过验证的问卷，以了解疾病流行情况、抗菌药物知识和抗菌药物使用情况。此外，从每个农场的 5 头泌乳动物中采集粪便样本。共检测了 520 株大肠杆菌对 12 种抗菌药物的耐药性。从牧民的角度来看，大型和小型生产系统中需要使用兽医服务的疾病是乳腺炎（51.2%）、子宫内膜炎（51.2%）和肠炎（39.5%），最常用的抗菌药物是土霉素和链霉素。奶牛牧民（83.7%）报告说，很容易在没有兽医处方的情况下购买抗菌药物，当治疗没有反应时，他们中有 97.7%的人更频繁地更换抗菌药物而不是增加剂量。大肠杆菌分离株对链霉素（47.5%）、四环素（45.4%）和氨苄西林（34.2%）的耐药性较高。少于 10%的分离株对氯霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星和头孢曲松耐药。总的来说，64.6%和 37.1%的大肠杆菌分离株分别对≥1 种抗菌药物和多种药物耐药（对≥3 种抗菌药物类别耐药）。这些分离株表现出 107 种抗菌药物耐药谱。本研究表明，约旦奶牛场经常滥用抗菌药物，肠道共生大肠杆菌对人类和兽医重要的抗菌药物耐药性很高。因此，有必要为牧民开展教育计划，制定法规和准则，以促进约旦奶牛动物抗菌药物的合理使用。
