Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
J Infect. 2018 Feb;76(2):111-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.013. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
To discuss the role of gut dysbiosis in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the impact of probiotics as a potential therapeutic measure.
PubMed was used to search for all of the studies published over the last 15 years using the key words: "irritable bowel syndrome" and "gut dysbiosis" or "probiotic". More than 800 articles were found, but only those published in English or providing evidence-based data were included in the evaluation.
IBS is a common disease for which no resolutive therapy is presently available. In recent years, strong evidence of a possible relationship between modifications of the gut microbiota composition and development of IBS has been collected. Moreover, the evidence showed that attempts to treat acute infectious and post-antibiotic gastroenteritis with some probiotics were significantly effective in a great number of patients, leading many experts to suggest the use of probiotics to address all of the clinical problems associated with IBS.
The available data are promising, but presently, a precise definition of which probiotic or which mixture of probiotics is effective cannot be made. Moreover, the dose and duration of treatment has not been established. Finally, we do not know whether probiotic treatment should be different according to the type of IBS. Further studies are needed before probiotics can be considered a reliable treatment for IBS.
探讨肠道菌群失调在肠易激综合征（IBS）发展中的作用，以及益生菌作为一种潜在治疗手段的影响。
通过使用关键词“irritable bowel syndrome”和“gut dysbiosis”或“probiotic”，在 PubMed 上搜索过去 15 年发表的所有研究。共找到 800 多篇文章，但仅纳入评估中发表英文文献或提供循证数据的文献。
IBS 是一种常见疾病，目前尚无根治方法。近年来，人们收集到了大量关于肠道微生物群落组成改变与 IBS 发展之间可能存在关联的证据。此外，有证据表明，尝试使用某些益生菌治疗急性感染性和抗生素相关性胃肠炎在大量患者中非常有效，这促使许多专家建议使用益生菌来解决与 IBS 相关的所有临床问题。
现有数据很有前景，但目前尚无法明确哪种益生菌或哪种益生菌混合物有效。此外，治疗的剂量和持续时间尚未确定。最后，我们不知道益生菌治疗是否应根据 IBS 的类型而有所不同。在益生菌被认为是 IBS 的可靠治疗方法之前，还需要进一步的研究。
