Pereira Henrique, Caldeira Denise, Monteiro Samuel
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2018 May-Jun;29(3):439-453. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2017.12.002. Epub 2017 Dec 20.
We explored perceptions of HIV-related stigma using a qualitative approach based on the findings of in-depth e-mail asynchronous interviews with 37 self-identified Portuguese men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV infection and undetectable viral loads. Participants were asked to answer an online interview. Major findings concerned external perceptions of HIV-related stigma, HIV status disclosure, the impact of HIV on everyday life, the presence of double discrimination, and general perceptions of HIV-related stigma. Results revealed (a) stigmatizing and discriminatory behaviors and practices in psychosocial and inter-relational events, but not in accessing and receiving health care; (b) double exposure to stigma associated with being gay and having HIV; and (c) undetectability as an autonomous identity with important connections to social and interpersonal interactions. An important implication was related to multilevel risk perceptions and the psychosocial complexity and challenges of HIV infection. In Portugal, HIV is still a socially disabling disease.
我们采用定性研究方法，基于对37名自我认定感染了艾滋病毒且病毒载量不可检测的葡萄牙男男性行为者（MSM）进行的深度电子邮件异步访谈结果，探讨了对与艾滋病毒相关耻辱感的认知。参与者被要求回答在线访谈。主要研究结果涉及对与艾滋病毒相关耻辱感的外部认知、艾滋病毒感染状况的披露、艾滋病毒对日常生活的影响、双重歧视的存在以及对与艾滋病毒相关耻辱感的总体认知。结果显示：（a）在心理社会和人际关系事件中存在污名化和歧视行为及做法，但在获得和接受医疗保健方面不存在；（b）因身为同性恋者和感染艾滋病毒而双重遭受耻辱；（c）不可检测状态作为一种自主身份，与社会和人际互动有着重要联系。一个重要的启示与多层次风险认知以及艾滋病毒感染的心理社会复杂性和挑战有关。在葡萄牙，艾滋病毒仍然是一种导致社会功能丧失的疾病。
