Manternach Jeremy N, Daugherty James F
Vocal/Choral Music Education, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Vocal/Choral Pedagogy Research Group, The University of Kansas (Emeritus), Lawrence, Kansas.
J Voice. 2019 Jan;33(1):80-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.09.017. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Recent scholarship has suggested that semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises may increase vocal economy of individuals by reducing vocal effort while maintaining or increasing acoustic output. Choral singers, however, may use different resonance techniques or change voicing behaviors in an effort to hear their own sound in relation to others. One investigation revealed significant increases in a choir's mean spectral energy after participating in a straw phonation protocol. However, that study reported only acoustic measures and did not include choristers' perceptions of the choral sound and their own voicing efficiency.
The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of a straw phonation protocol on acoustic (long-term average spectrum) and perceptual (self-report) measures of the choral sound of an intact soprano, alto, tenor, and bass (SATB) choir.
This is a quasi-experimental, one-group, pretest-posttest design.
An SATB choir (N = 48 singers) performed a Renaissance motet, participated in a 4-minute voicing protocol with a small straw, and then sang the motet a second time. They completed the same procedure later in the rehearsal.
Long-term average spectrum results indicated no statistically significant mean changes in spectral energy after the SOVT protocols. Most participants, however, perceived that the choir sounded better (78.26%) and that their own vocal production was more efficient or comfortable (73.91%) following the protocol.
Choristers perceived less vocal effort while maintaining vocal output after straw phonation, which may feasibly align with extant solo research. More research may determine whether this result is due specifically to SOVTs.
最近的学术研究表明，半闭塞声道（SOVT）练习可能通过在保持或增加声学输出的同时减少发声努力来提高个体的发声经济性。然而，合唱歌手可能会使用不同的共鸣技巧或改变发声行为，以便在与他人的声音对比中听到自己的声音。一项调查显示，一个合唱团在参与吸管发声方案后，其平均频谱能量显著增加。然而，该研究仅报告了声学测量结果，并未包括合唱队员对合唱声音的感知以及他们自身的发声效率。
本研究的目的是测量吸管发声方案对一个完整的女高音、女低音、男高音和男低音（SATB）合唱团的合唱声音的声学（长期平均频谱）和感知（自我报告）测量的影响。
这是一项准实验性的单组前测后测设计。
一个SATB合唱团（N = 48名歌手）演唱了一首文艺复兴时期的经文歌，参与了一个为期4分钟的用小吸管发声的方案，然后再次演唱这首经文歌。他们在排练后期重复了相同的程序。
长期平均频谱结果表明，在SOVT方案后，频谱能量的平均变化在统计学上没有显著意义。然而，大多数参与者认为，在执行该方案后，合唱团的声音更好（78.26%），他们自己的发声更有效率或更舒适（73.91%）。
合唱队员在吸管发声后，在保持发声输出的同时感觉发声努力减少，这可能与现有的独唱研究结果相符。更多的研究可能会确定这一结果是否 specifically 由于SOVTs。 （注：原文中“specifically”翻译为“具体地、专门地”，这里根据语境意译为“是否特别由于”更通顺，但严格按要求应保留英文“specifically”）
