Cook-Cunningham Sheri L, Grady Melissa L
The University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas.
The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
J Voice. 2018 Mar;32(2):192-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 May 5.
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of three warm-up procedures (vocal-only, physical-only, physical/vocal combination) on acoustic and perceptual measures of choir sound.
The researchers tested three videotaped, 5-minute, choral warm-up procedures on three university choirs. After participating in a warm-up procedure, each choir was recorded singing a folk song for long-term average spectra and pitch analysis. Singer participants responded to a questionnaire about preferences after each warm-up procedure. Warm-up procedures and recording sessions occurred during each choir's regular rehearsal time and in each choir's regular rehearsal space during three consecutive rehearsals.
Long-term average spectra results demonstrated more resonant singing after the physical/vocal warm-up for two of the three choirs. Pitch analysis results indicate that all three choirs sang "in-tune" or with the least pitch deviation after participating in the physical/vocal warm-up. Singer questionnaire responses showed general preference for the physical/vocal combination warm-up, and singer ranking of the three procedures indicated the physical/vocal warm-up as the most favored for readiness to sing.
In the context of this study with these three university choir participants, it seems that a combination choral warm-up that includes physical and vocal aspects is preferred by singers, enables more resonant singing, and more in-tune singing. Findings from this study could provide teachers and choral directors with important information as they structure and experiment with their choral warm-up procedures.
本调查旨在评估三种热身程序（仅发声、仅身体活动、身体活动与发声相结合）对合唱团声音的声学和感知指标的影响。
研究人员在三个大学合唱团中测试了三种时长为5分钟的录像合唱热身程序。在参与一种热身程序后，每个合唱团演唱一首民歌进行录音，用于长期平均谱和音高分析。歌手参与者在每种热身程序后回答一份关于偏好的问卷。热身程序和录音环节在每个合唱团的常规排练时间进行，且在连续三次排练期间于每个合唱团的常规排练场地进行。
长期平均谱结果表明，在三个合唱团中的两个合唱团进行身体活动与发声相结合的热身之后，演唱的共鸣效果更佳。音高分析结果显示，所有三个合唱团在参与身体活动与发声相结合的热身之后，演唱“音准”最佳或音高偏差最小。歌手的问卷回答表明，总体上对身体活动与发声相结合的热身更青睐，并且歌手对这三种程序的排序显示，身体活动与发声相结合的热身最有利于准备好演唱。
在这项针对这三个大学合唱团参与者的研究背景下，似乎歌手更青睐包含身体和发声方面的合唱组合热身方式，这种方式能带来更具共鸣的演唱和更准的音准。本研究结果可为教师和合唱指挥在构建和试验他们的合唱热身程序时提供重要信息。
