Bhalsod Gemini D, Chuang Ya-Hui, Jeon Sangho, Gui Wenjun, Li Hui, Ryser Elliot T, Guber Andrey K, Zhang Wei
Cook County Unit, University of Illinois Extension , Arlington Heights, Illinois 60004, United States.
Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Wanju 54875, Republic of Korea.
J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Jan 31;66(4):822-830. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04355. Epub 2018 Jan 16.
Understanding the uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals in vegetables under typical irrigation practices is critical to risk assessment of crop irrigation with reclaimed water. This study investigated the pharmaceutical residues in greenhouse lettuce under overhead and soil-surface irrigations using pharmaceutical-contaminated water. Compared to soil-surface irrigation, overhead irrigation substantially increased the pharmaceutical residues in lettuce shoots. The increased residue levels persisted even after washing for trimethoprim, monensin sodium, and tylosin, indicating their strong sorption to the shoots. The postwashing concentrations in fresh shoots varied from 0.05 ± 0.04 μg/kg for sulfadiazine to 345 ± 139 μg/kg for carbamazepine. Root concentration factors ranged from 0.04 ± 0.14 for tylosin to 19.2 ± 15.7 for sulfamethoxazole. Translocation factors in surface-irrigated lettuce were low for sulfamethoxalzole, trimethoprim, monensin sodium, and tylosin (0.07-0.15), but high for caffeine (4.28 ± 3.01) and carbamazepine (8.15 ± 2.87). Carbamazepine was persistent in soil and hyperaccumulated in shoots.
了解在典型灌溉方式下蔬菜对药物的吸收和积累情况对于再生水灌溉作物的风险评估至关重要。本研究调查了使用受药物污染的水进行高架灌溉和地表灌溉时温室生菜中的药物残留情况。与地表灌溉相比，高架灌溉显著增加了生菜嫩茎中的药物残留。即使在对甲氧苄啶、莫能菌素钠和泰乐菌素进行清洗后，残留水平的增加仍然持续，这表明它们对嫩茎有很强的吸附作用。新鲜嫩茎清洗后的浓度范围从磺胺嘧啶的0.05±0.04μg/kg到卡马西平的345±139μg/kg。根浓度因子范围从泰乐菌素的0.04±0.14到磺胺甲恶唑的19.2±15.7。地表灌溉生菜中磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶、莫能菌素钠和泰乐菌素的转运因子较低（0.07 - 0.15），但咖啡因（4.28±3.01）和卡马西平（8.15±2.87）的转运因子较高。卡马西平在土壤中具有持久性，并在嫩茎中过度积累。
