King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
National Family Safety Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2018 Sep 1;40(3):e219-e227. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx177.
Early exposure to violence has deleterious effect on the child's brain development. The aims for this project were to assess the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their impact on social determinants in Saudi Arabia (SA).
A cross-sectional, national study conducted in all regions of SA using the World Health Organization-ACE-International Questionnaire to determine the association between ACEs and socioeconomic outcomes.
A total of 10 156 participants completed the questionnaire with five main ACE categories (abuse, neglect, family dysfunction, peer and community violence). Over half of the sample (52%) experienced emotional abuse, followed by physical abuse (42%), bullying (39%), neglect (29%) and sexual abuse (21%). The most common family dysfunction was witnessing domestic violence against any household member (57%) and the least prevalent was living with a substance abuser (9%). Low educational attainment, disruption in marital life and substance abuse were significantly affected by all ACE categories. However, unemployment was marginally affected only by neglect and household dysfunction.
ACEs are highly prevalent in SA and have significant negative impact on life opportunities. National preventive programs should be implemented to reduce ACE and their deleterious outcomes.
早期接触暴力对儿童的大脑发育有不良影响。本项目的目的是评估沙特阿拉伯（SA）中不良童年经历（ACEs）的流行程度及其对社会决定因素的影响。
采用世界卫生组织-ACE-国际问卷进行的一项横断面、全国性研究，以确定 ACEs 与社会经济结果之间的关联。
共有 10156 名参与者完成了问卷，问卷包含五个主要 ACE 类别（虐待、忽视、家庭功能障碍、同伴和社区暴力）。超过一半的样本（52%）经历了情感虐待，其次是身体虐待（42%）、欺凌（39%）、忽视（29%）和性虐待（21%）。最常见的家庭功能障碍是目睹针对任何家庭成员的家庭暴力（57%），最不常见的是与药物滥用者一起生活（9%）。低教育程度、婚姻生活中断和药物滥用均受到所有 ACE 类别的显著影响。然而，失业仅受到忽视和家庭功能障碍的轻微影响。
ACEs 在 SA 非常普遍，对生活机会有重大负面影响。应实施国家预防计划，以减少 ACEs 及其不良后果。
