Sulkowska Aleksandra, Wawer Izabela
Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Postepy Biochem. 2017;63(3):185-189.
The proper gene expression required precise and strictly controlled mechanisms, which allows to remove damaged and unnecessary transcripts. One of the most important quality control mechanism is Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD). The evolutionary conserved process prevents the production of potentially harmful proteins by eliminating aberrant mRNAs carrying premature translation termination codons (PTC). Extensive studies in yeast, C. elegans, flies and mammals established a whole set of additional NMD substrates, not only aberrant transcripts, but physiological mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, genes coding miRNA and snoRNA. It seems that the NMD process is related to development and response to different stresses. Moreover, recent studies regarding the identification of new protein factors involved in NMD mechanism show the wide complexity of this process.
正确的基因表达需要精确且严格控制的机制，这些机制能够清除受损和不必要的转录本。最重要的质量控制机制之一是无义介导的mRNA降解（NMD）。这一进化保守过程通过消除携带过早翻译终止密码子（PTC）的异常mRNA，防止产生潜在有害的蛋白质。在酵母、秀丽隐杆线虫、果蝇和哺乳动物中进行的大量研究确定了一整套额外的NMD底物，不仅包括异常转录本，还有生理性mRNA、非编码RNA、编码miRNA和snoRNA的基因。NMD过程似乎与发育以及对不同应激的反应有关。此外，最近关于鉴定参与NMD机制的新蛋白质因子的研究表明了这一过程的广泛复杂性。
