Zhang Q, Xiang X M, Song H, Dong M, Zhang S P, Mi B B, Wang L L, Zhang L, Yan H, Dang S N
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
Xi'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xi'an 710002, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2017 Dec 10;38(12):1677-1682. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.12.019.
To understand the levels of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants including nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), PM(10) and PM(2.5), and the relationship between the exposure to air pollutants during pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy and birth defects. Data on air pollution and birth defects from 2013 to 2015 was collected. A case-crossover design was employed to analyze the exposure-response relationship between traffic-related air pollutants and birth defects. A total of 4 235 pregnant women were studied. During the study period, the daily average concentrations of ambient NO(2), PM(10) and PM(2.5) appeared as 60.83 μg/m(3), 104.94 μg/m(3) and 103.88 μg/m(3), respectively, with the concentration of PM(2.5) larger than the 2(nd) version of Standard National Ambient Air Quality Standard. In addition, there were strong correlations seen between each of the pollutants (<0.01). After adjustment for the influence of meteorological factors, it was found that the exposure to high level of NO(2) and PM(10) during pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy increased the risk on birth defects (<0.05). Levels of exposure to adverse environmental factors during pre- pregnancy or early pregnancy could increase the risk of birth defects, suggesting that in these sensitive periods, women should try to avoid being exposed to high concentration of traffic-related air pollutants as NO(2), PM(10) . in order to reduce the risk of birth defects.
为了解交通相关空气污染物（包括二氧化氮（NO₂）、可吸入颗粒物（PM₁₀）和细颗粒物（PM₂.₅））的暴露水平，以及孕前或孕早期空气污染物暴露与出生缺陷之间的关系。收集了2013年至2015年的空气污染和出生缺陷数据。采用病例交叉设计分析交通相关空气污染物与出生缺陷之间的暴露-反应关系。共研究了4235名孕妇。研究期间，环境空气中NO₂、PM₁₀和PM₂.₅的日均浓度分别为60.83μg/m³、104.94μg/m³和103.88μg/m³，其中PM₂.₅浓度超过《国家环境空气质量标准》（第二版）。此外，各污染物之间均存在强相关性（<0.01）。在调整气象因素的影响后，发现孕前或孕早期暴露于高水平的NO₂和PM₁₀会增加出生缺陷的风险（<0.05）。孕前或孕早期不良环境因素的暴露水平可能会增加出生缺陷的风险，这表明在这些敏感期，女性应尽量避免暴露于高浓度的交通相关空气污染物，如NO₂、PM₁₀，以降低出生缺陷的风险。
