Rutgers, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
J Interpers Violence. 2020 Nov;35(23-24):5255-5275. doi: 10.1177/0886260517720732. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
Despite the available literature on disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about how gender affects disclosure. This article aims to quantitatively examine whether gender differences exist in formal (to legal or child protection authorities) and informal (to a family member or friend) disclosure of CSA and, if so, to assess whether this relation is associated with abuse characteristics and attitudes toward gender roles. The study also aimed to examine whether gender differences exist in reasons not to disclose CSA. Data of a sample of 586 participants, who reported to have experienced CSA committed by a single person, have been used for the analyses. There were no gender differences for formal disclosure, but the informal disclosure rate of CSA was 2.4 times higher for women than men, and this effect remained significant after controlling for abuse characteristics and attitudes, even though the gender difference decreased slightly. Furthermore, women and men reported different reasons for not disclosing CSA in their personal network. Women were more worried than men that family and friends would discover the abuse and reported more insecurity of what to do in this situation. Professionals in the field of CSA should consider a gender perspective when developing guidelines. Men have rarely been the subject of studies of disclosure after CSA. Professionals should focus more on general mental health outcomes of men that are not related with CSA directly, but where the effects of CSA may exert more indirectly through associations with other problems in life.
尽管有关于儿童性虐待（CSA）披露的可用文献，但对于性别如何影响披露知之甚少。本文旨在定量研究 CSA 的正式披露（向法律或儿童保护机构）和非正式披露（向家庭成员或朋友）是否存在性别差异，如果存在，评估这种关系是否与虐待特征和性别角色态度有关。该研究还旨在检查 CSA 不披露的原因是否存在性别差异。用于分析的数据来自 586 名报告遭受过单一施虐者 CSA 的参与者样本。正式披露没有性别差异，但 CSA 的非正式披露率女性是男性的 2.4 倍，即使在控制了虐待特征和态度后，这种效应仍然显著，尽管性别差异略有减少。此外，女性和男性报告了在个人网络中不披露 CSA 的不同原因。女性比男性更担心家人和朋友会发现虐待行为，并报告在这种情况下更缺乏安全感。CSA 领域的专业人员在制定指南时应考虑性别视角。男性在 CSA 后披露的研究中很少成为研究对象。专业人员应更多地关注与 CSA 不直接相关的男性的一般心理健康结果，但 CSA 可能通过与生活中的其他问题的关联更间接施加影响。
