Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Jan;36(1-2):255-275. doi: 10.1177/0886260517725736. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
Victims of sexual violence are frequently blamed by friends, family, or legal personnel in the aftermath of an attack, with men attributing greater blame on average than women. Victims' experiences of being blamed may generate a vicious cycle in which they are more likely to be blamed in the future. Moreover, just world beliefs (JWB) have been studied extensively as an underlying cognitive mechanism that predicts greater blame. Studies examining the influence of social support on blame have yet to examine the unique role of JWB on these attributions. The current study examined blame attribution of a fictional rape victim who received either positive, negative, or neutral support from friends and family in a sample of 383 undergraduate men and women. Individually, social support and JWB were both significant predictors of blame, and women were more influenced by social support than men; specifically, gender was a more salient predictor of blame toward the positively supported victim, suggesting that positive support received by friends and family may evoke a domino effect of support from other women. Conditional effects revealed that JWB were most influential on blame when responding to the positively supported victim. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
性暴力受害者在遭受攻击后经常受到朋友、家人或法律人员的指责，男性平均比女性更容易指责受害者。受害者被指责的经历可能会产生一个恶性循环，使他们在未来更有可能被指责。此外，公正世界信念（JWB）已被广泛研究，作为预测更大指责的潜在认知机制。研究考察社会支持对指责的影响，但尚未研究 JWB 对这些归因的独特作用。本研究在 383 名男女本科生样本中，考察了朋友和家人对虚构强奸受害者给予积极、消极或中性支持时的指责归因。单独来看，社会支持和 JWB 都是指责的重要预测因素，女性比男性更容易受到社会支持的影响；具体来说，性别是对受到积极支持的受害者的指责的更突出预测因素，这表明朋友和家人的积极支持可能会引发其他女性的支持多米诺骨牌效应。条件效应表明，当对受到积极支持的受害者做出反应时，JWB 对指责的影响最大。讨论了对未来研究的影响和建议。
