The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA.
University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Feb;36(3-4):NP1537-1560NP. doi: 10.1177/0886260517744762. Epub 2017 Dec 18.
Research on nonpharmacological effects of alcohol shows that exposure to alcohol-related cues (i.e., alcohol priming) can increase behaviors associated with actual alcohol consumption. Attributions of responsibility to female victims in sexual assault scenarios are affected by whether or not alcohol was consumed by a victim and/or perpetrator. Victims often receive higher levels of blame if they consume alcohol prior to the assault. This work extends the research on nonpharmacological effects of alcohol into a novel domain of blame attribution toward rape victims. In two studies, participants in lab settings (Study 1; = 184) and online (Study 2; = 421) were primed with alcohol or neutral beverage advertisements as part of a purportedly separate ad-rating task and then were presented with a vignette depicting an acquaintance rape where the characters consumed beer or soda. Participants subsequently completed a questionnaire assessing victim blame and perpetrator blame. Across both studies, participants blamed the victim most when they were exposed to both contextual (story) and noncontextual (ads) alcohol cues; this effect was especially prominent in males in Study 1. Findings for perpetrator blame were inconsistent across studies. Implications of nonpharmacological effects of alcohol on blame attribution toward rape victims are discussed in the context of courtroom situations and bystander intervention.
酒精的非药物效应研究表明，接触与酒精相关的线索（即酒精启动）会增加与实际饮酒相关的行为。在性侵犯场景中，对女性受害者的责任归因会受到受害者和/或施害者是否饮酒的影响。如果受害者在被侵犯前饮酒，她们往往会受到更高程度的指责。这项工作将酒精的非药物效应研究扩展到了对强奸受害者的责备归因的新领域。在两项研究中，实验室环境中的参与者（研究 1；n=184）和在线参与者（研究 2；n=421）在一项据称是独立的广告评价任务中接受了酒精或中性饮料广告的启动，然后他们被呈现了一个描绘熟人强奸的情景，其中角色喝了啤酒或苏打水。参与者随后完成了一份评估受害者责备和施害者责备的问卷。在两项研究中，当参与者接触到情境（故事）和非情境（广告）酒精线索时，他们最责备受害者；在研究 1 中，这种影响在男性中尤为明显。在研究中，对施害者责备的发现不一致。在法庭情况和旁观者干预的背景下，讨论了酒精的非药物效应对强奸受害者的责备归因的影响。
