Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
Org Biomol Chem. 2018 Jan 17;16(3):348-362. doi: 10.1039/c7ob02040f.
The enormous diversity of terpenes found in nature is generated by enzymes known as terpene synthases, or cyclases. Some are also known for their ability to convert a single substrate into multiple products. This review comprises monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthases that are multiproduct in nature along with the regulation factors that can alter the product specificity of multiproduct terpene synthases without genetic mutations. Variations in specific assay conditions with focus on shifts in product specificity based on change in metal cofactors, assay pH and substrate geometry are described. Alterations in these simple cellular conditions provide the organism with enhanced chemodiversity without investing into new enzymatic architecture. This versatility to modulate product diversity grants organisms, especially immobile ones like plants with access to an enhanced defensive repertoire by simply altering cofactors, pH level and substrate geometry.
自然界中存在的萜类化合物具有巨大的多样性，这些化合物是由萜烯合酶或环化酶等酶产生的。有些酶还以能够将单一底物转化为多种产物而闻名。本篇综述涵盖了单萜和倍半萜合酶，这些合酶本质上是多产物的，同时还介绍了可以在不发生基因突变的情况下改变多产物萜烯合酶产物特异性的调节因子。描述了不同的特定测定条件，重点是基于金属辅因子、测定 pH 值和底物几何形状的变化而导致产物特异性发生变化。这些简单的细胞条件的改变为生物体提供了增强的化学多样性，而无需投入新的酶结构。这种调节产物多样性的多功能性使生物体，特别是像植物这样的不能移动的生物体，通过简单地改变辅因子、pH 值和底物几何形状，获得增强的防御谱。
