Archer Grace A, Phillips Christopher A, Adamovicz Laura, Band Mark, Byrd John, Allender Matthew C
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2017 Dec;48(4):1127-1134. doi: 10.1638/2017-0148R.1.
Conservation efforts are investigating the impact of diseases within a species of interest, including prevalence and transmission and morbidity and mortality rates. However, the majority of these studies focus solely on the characteristics of a single pathogen. Recently, the role of copathogens has been reported to impact disease susceptibility and mortality. To that effect, a survey was conducted including 318 eastern box turtles ( Terrapene carolina carolina) from populations in Illinois and Tennessee in 2014 and 2015. Blood samples and oral swabs were collected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of 15 different pathogens performed in a multiplex format using Fluidigm array technology. Four pathogens were found with varying qPCR prevalence: ranavirus (FV3; n = 2, 0.6%), Terrapene herpesvirus 1 (TerHV1; n = 129, 40.7%), box turtle Mycoplasma sp. (BT Myco; n = 14, 4.6%), and box turtle adenovirus (BT Adv1; n = 18, 11%). Thirteen pathogens were not identified in any sample, including Mycoplasma agassizii, M. testudineum, Salmonella enteriditis, S. typhmirium, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocyophilum, tortoise intranuclear coccidia, Ambystoma tigrinum virus, Bohle iridovirus, Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus, and testudinid herpesvirus 2. Copathogen occurrence was rare but was observed in eight individuals with TerHV1-BT Myco detection and two animals with TerHV1-Adv1. Significant differences were observed in pathogen detection across season (TerHV1, BT Adv1, BT Myco, and TerHV1-Myco) and year (TerHV1, BT Adv1, and TerHV1-Myco). The results of this survey highlight that a single pathogen model may not adequately explain pathogen dynamics and that conservation efforts need to be aimed at detecting multiple pathogens in order to fully characterize population health.
保护工作正在调查感兴趣物种内疾病的影响，包括患病率、传播情况以及发病率和死亡率。然而，这些研究大多仅关注单一病原体的特征。最近，有报道称共病原体的作用会影响疾病易感性和死亡率。为此，在2014年和2015年对来自伊利诺伊州和田纳西州种群的318只东部箱龟（卡罗莱纳箱龟指名亚种）进行了一项调查。采集血液样本和口腔拭子，使用Fluidigm阵列技术以多重形式对15种不同病原体进行定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）。发现四种病原体的qPCR患病率各不相同：蛙病毒（FV3；n = 2，0.6%）、箱龟疱疹病毒1型（TerHV1；n = 129，40.7%）、箱龟支原体（BT Myco；n = 14，4.6%）和箱龟腺病毒（BT Adv1；n = 18，11%）。在任何样本中均未检测到13种病原体，包括阿加西支原体、龟支原体、肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体、龟核内球虫、虎纹钝口螈病毒、博勒虹彩病毒、流行性造血坏死病毒和龟疱疹病毒2型。共病原体的出现很少见，但在8只检测到TerHV1 - BT Myco的个体和2只检测到TerHV1 - Adv1的动物中观察到。在不同季节（TerHV1、BT Adv1、BT Myco和TerHV1 - Myco）和年份（TerHV1、BT Adv1和TerHV1 - Myco）的病原体检测中观察到显著差异。这项调查结果突出表明，单一病原体模型可能无法充分解释病原体动态，保护工作需要旨在检测多种病原体，以便全面描述种群健康状况。
