Jeon Mark, Mama Khursheed R, Zuba Jeffrey R, Lamberski Nadine, Oosterhuis James E, Clancy Meredith M, Delk Katie W, Kinney Matthew E, Morris Patrick J, Olea-Popelka Francisco
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2017 Dec;48(4):1016-1025. doi: 10.1638/2017-0048R1.1.
Rhinoceros conservation efforts are essential to the survival of the species. One such effort is focused on using advanced reproductive technologies to produce viable northern white rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum cottoni) embryos for implantation into southern white rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum simum) surrogates. Anesthesia may be required to facilitate necessary procedures in these surrogate rhinoceros, but commonly reported side effects including hypercapnia and hypoxemia limit anesthetic recumbency time due to animal safety concerns. Although many interventions have been attempted, success in improving these physiologic parameters to date is mixed. The objective of this report is to describe arterial pH (pHa), blood gas (PaO and PaCO), bicarbonate, base excess, lactate, and cardiovascular (heart rate, direct arterial blood pressure) values recorded in seven intubated and ventilated female southern white rhinoceros anesthetized for reproductive examinations in a zoological park setting. Anesthetic induction was accomplished using etorphine, medetomidine, butorphanol, and midazolam. The primary hypotheses were that PaO and PaCO would improve after intubation and mechanical ventilation. Induction and recovery observations were also summarized. Physiologic and laboratory data were analyzed using a mixed linear regression model using ranks. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The PaO increased significantly ( P < 0.001) following ventilation from a median value of 58 (range, 38-67) to 123 (range, 42-184) mm Hg. The PaCO significantly ( P = 0.003) decreased from 63 (range, 55-73) to 52 (range, 30-75) mm Hg, with a corresponding improvement ( P = 0.068) in pHa from 7.33 (7.25-7.34) to 7.37 (7.24-7.58) units. Intubation and ventilation improve respiratory parameters and may facilitate safe prolongation of anesthetic duration in white rhinoceros.
犀牛保护工作对于该物种的生存至关重要。其中一项工作重点是利用先进的生殖技术来培育可存活的北方白犀牛（Ceratotherium simum cottoni）胚胎，以便植入南方白犀牛（Ceratotherium simum simum）代孕母体。在这些代孕犀牛身上进行必要操作时可能需要麻醉，但常见的副作用包括高碳酸血症和低氧血症，出于动物安全考虑，这限制了麻醉躺卧时间。尽管已经尝试了许多干预措施，但迄今为止在改善这些生理参数方面的成效参差不齐。本报告的目的是描述在动物园环境中对七头接受生殖检查的插管通气雌性南方白犀牛进行麻醉时记录的动脉血pH值（pHa）、血气（PaO和PaCO）、碳酸氢盐、碱剩余、乳酸以及心血管指标（心率、直接动脉血压）数值。麻醉诱导采用埃托啡、美托咪定、布托啡诺和咪达唑仑。主要假设是插管和机械通气后PaO和PaCO会得到改善。还总结了诱导和恢复观察情况。生理和实验室数据采用秩混合线性回归模型进行分析。统计学显著性设定为P < 0.05。通气后PaO从58（范围38 - 67）毫米汞柱的中位数显著增加（P < 0.001）至123（范围42 - 184）毫米汞柱。PaCO从63（范围55 - 73）毫米汞柱显著降低（P = 0.003）至52（范围30 - 75）毫米汞柱，同时pHa相应改善（P = 0.068），从7.33（7.25 - 7.34）单位升至7.37（7.24 - 7.58）单位。插管和通气可改善呼吸参数，并可能有助于安全延长白犀牛的麻醉时间。
