Al Rubaiee Zaid, Al Murayati Haider, Nielsen Jan Tøttrup, Møller Anders Pape
Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Agro Paris Tech, Université Paris-Saclay Orsay Cedex France.
Espedal Sindal Denmark.
Ecol Evol. 2017 Nov 8;7(24):10797-10803. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3582. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Predation is a powerful selective force with important effects on behavior, morphology, life history, and evolution of prey. Parasites may change body condition, health status, and ability to escape from or defend prey against predators. Once a prey individual has been detected, it can rely on a diversity of means of escape from the pursuit by the predator. Here we tested whether prey of a common raptor differed in terms of fungi from nonprey recorded at the same sites using the goshawk and its avian prey as a model system. We found a positive association between the probability of falling prey to the raptor and the presence and the abundance of fungi. Birds with a specific composition of the community of fungi had higher probability of falling prey to a goshawk than individual hosts with fewer fungi. These findings imply that fungi may play a significant role in predator-prey interactions. The probability of having damaged feathers increased with the number of fungal colonies, and in particular the abundance of and sp. was positively related to the probability of having damaged feathers. In addition, we found a significant correlation between the rate of feather growth of goshawk prey with birds with more fungi being more likely to be depredated. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that survival and feather quality of birds are related to abundance and diversity of fungi.
捕食是一种强大的选择力量，对猎物的行为、形态、生活史和进化具有重要影响。寄生虫可能会改变猎物的身体状况、健康状态以及逃避捕食者或抵御捕食者的能力。一旦猎物个体被发现，它可以依靠多种方式来逃避捕食者的追捕。在这里，我们以苍鹰及其鸟类猎物为模型系统，测试了同一地点记录的普通猛禽的猎物与非猎物在真菌方面是否存在差异。我们发现成为猛禽猎物的概率与真菌的存在和丰度之间存在正相关。具有特定真菌群落组成的鸟类比真菌较少的个体宿主更容易成为苍鹰的猎物。这些发现表明真菌可能在捕食者与猎物的相互作用中发挥重要作用。羽毛受损的概率随着真菌菌落数量的增加而增加，特别是 和 属真菌的丰度与羽毛受损的概率呈正相关。此外，我们发现苍鹰猎物的羽毛生长速度与真菌较多的鸟类更容易被捕食之间存在显著相关性。这些发现与鸟类的生存和羽毛质量与真菌的丰度和多样性有关这一假设一致。
