Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
Mar Drugs. 2018 Jan 3;16(1):10. doi: 10.3390/md16010010.
Oxylipins are well-established lipid mediators in plants and animals. In mammals, arachidonic acid (AA)-derived eicosanoids control inflammation, fever, blood coagulation, pain perception and labor, and, accordingly, are used as drugs, while lipoxygenases (LOX), as well as cyclooxygenases (COX) serve as therapeutic targets for drug development. In soft corals, eicosanoids are synthesized on demand from AA by LOX, COX, and catalase-related allene oxide synthase-lipoxygenase (cAOS-LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase-lipoxygenase (cHPL-LOX) fusion proteins. Reef-building stony corals are used as model organisms for the stress-related genomic studies of corals. Yet, the eicosanoid synthesis capability and AA-derived lipid mediator profiles of stony corals have not been determined. In the current study, the genomic and transcriptomic data about stony coral LOXs, AOS-LOXs, and COXs were analyzed and the eicosanoid profiles and AA metabolites of three stony corals, , , and , were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with MS-MS and a radiometric detector. Our results confirm that the active LOX and AOS-LOX pathways are present in sp., which correspond to the genomic/sequence data reported earlier. In addition, LOX, AOS-LOX, and COX products were detected in the closely related species . In conclusion, the functional 8-LOX and/or AOS-LOX pathways are abundant among corals, while COXs are restricted to certain soft and stony coral lineages.
氧化脂类是植物和动物中成熟的脂质介质。在哺乳动物中，花生四烯酸（AA）衍生的类二十烷酸控制炎症、发热、血液凝固、疼痛感知和分娩，因此被用作药物，而脂氧合酶（LOX）以及环氧化酶（COX）被用作药物开发的治疗靶点。在软珊瑚中，类二十烷酸是由 LOX、COX 和与过氧化氢酶相关的丙二烯氧化物合酶-脂氧合酶（cAOS-LOX）和过氧化物水解酶-脂氧合酶（cHPL-LOX）融合蛋白按需从 AA 合成的。造礁石珊瑚被用作珊瑚与应激相关的基因组研究的模式生物。然而，石珊瑚的类二十烷酸合成能力和 AA 衍生的脂质介质谱尚未确定。在本研究中，分析了石珊瑚 LOX、AOS-LOX 和 COX 的基因组和转录组数据，并通过反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）与 MS-MS 和放射性检测器相结合，确定了三种石珊瑚、、和的类二十烷酸谱和 AA 代谢物。我们的结果证实，活性 LOX 和 AOS-LOX 途径存在于 sp.中，与早期报道的基因组/序列数据相对应。此外，在密切相关的物种中检测到 LOX、AOS-LOX 和 COX 产物。总之，功能 8-LOX 和/或 AOS-LOX 途径在珊瑚中丰富，而 COX 则局限于某些软珊瑚和石珊瑚谱系。
