Skřičková Jana
Vnitr Lek. 2018 Winter;63(11):786-795.
In the broadest sense, the term immunocompromised individual means a person with any impairment of infection resistance, whether it is deficiency or impairment of innate resistance (by another name impairment of non-specific resistance), or impairment of acquired resistance (impairment of specific immunity). Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients is characterized by a different microbiological spectrum. Apart from common pathogens there are also opportunistic agents involved in this group of patients. Management of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients is often decisive for their future fate. Very rare are innate immune deficiencies. Acquired immune deficiencies are far more common. They are often combined with disorders of non-specific resistance. The most frequent cause of acquired immune deficiency is another illness or a medical treatment. The diagnosing and treatment of pneumonias in immunocompromised patients are usually highly specialized and they unquestionably require a collaboration with microbiologists who are concerned with these problems.Key words: diagnostics - etiology - pneumonia in immunocompromised patients - prophylaxis - treatment.
从最广泛的意义上讲，免疫功能低下个体是指任何抗感染能力受损的人，无论是先天抵抗力的缺陷或损害（也称为非特异性抵抗力的损害），还是获得性抵抗力的损害（特异性免疫的损害）。免疫功能低下患者的肺炎具有不同的微生物谱特征。除常见病原体外，这类患者还涉及机会性病原体。免疫功能低下患者肺炎的治疗往往对其未来命运起决定性作用。先天性免疫缺陷非常罕见。获得性免疫缺陷则更为常见。它们常与非特异性抵抗力紊乱合并存在。获得性免疫缺陷最常见的原因是另一种疾病或医疗治疗。免疫功能低下患者肺炎的诊断和治疗通常高度专业化，无疑需要与关注这些问题的微生物学家合作。关键词：诊断 - 病因 - 免疫功能低下患者的肺炎 - 预防 - 治疗
