Noda Aoi, Yonesaka Riku, Sasazaki Shinji, Mannen Hideyuki
Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 5;13(1):e0190937. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190937. eCollection 2018.
Aurochs (Bos primigenius) were distributed throughout large parts of Eurasia and Northern Africa during the late Pleistocene and the early Holocene, and all modern cattle are derived from the aurochs. Although the mtDNA haplogroups of most modern cattle belong to haplogroups T and I, several additional haplogroups (P, Q, R, C and E) have been identified in modern cattle and aurochs. Haplogroup P was the most common haplogroup in European aurochs, but so far, it has been identified in only three of >3,000 submitted haplotypes of modern Asian cattle.
We sequenced the complete mtDNA D-loop region of 181 Japanese Shorthorn cattle and analyzed these together with representative bovine mtDNA sequences. The haplotype P of Japanese Shorthorn cattle was analyzed along with that of 36 previously published European aurochs and three modern Asian cattle sequences using the hypervariable 410 bp of the D-loop region.
We detected the mtDNA haplogroup P in Japanese Shorthorn cattle with an extremely high frequency (83/181). Phylogenetic networks revealed two main clusters, designated as Pa for haplogroup P in European aurochs and Pc in modern Asian cattle. We also report the genetic diversity of haplogroup P compared with the sequences of extinct aurochs. No shared haplotypes are observed between the European aurochs and the modern Asian cattle. This finding suggests the possibility of local and secondary introgression events of haplogroup P in northeast Asian cattle, and will contribute to a better understanding of its origin and genetic diversity.
原牛（Bos primigenius）在更新世晚期和全新世早期分布于欧亚大陆大部分地区和北非，所有现代牛都起源于原牛。尽管大多数现代牛的线粒体DNA单倍群属于单倍群T和I，但在现代牛和原牛中还鉴定出了几个其他单倍群（P、Q、R、C和E）。单倍群P是欧洲原牛中最常见的单倍群，但到目前为止，在超过3000个提交的现代亚洲牛单倍型中仅在三个中被鉴定出来。
我们对181头日本短角牛的完整线粒体DNA D环区域进行了测序，并与代表性的牛线粒体DNA序列一起进行分析。利用D环区域410 bp的高变区，对日本短角牛的单倍型P与36个先前发表的欧洲原牛和三个现代亚洲牛序列的单倍型P进行了分析。
我们在日本短角牛中检测到线粒体DNA单倍群P的频率极高（83/181）。系统发育网络揭示了两个主要聚类，分别指定为欧洲原牛单倍群P的Pa和现代亚洲牛的Pc。我们还报告了与已灭绝原牛序列相比单倍群P的遗传多样性。在欧洲原牛和现代亚洲牛之间未观察到共享单倍型。这一发现表明东北亚牛中存在单倍群P的局部和二次渗入事件的可能性，并将有助于更好地理解其起源和遗传多样性。
