Norton G R, Malan J, Cairns S L, Wozney K A, Broughton R
Behav Res Ther. 1989;27(2):167-71. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(89)90075-2.
Male alcoholics who (a) experienced panic attacks prior to abusing alcohol, (b) experienced panic attacks subsequent to abusing alcohol, and (c) had not experienced panic attacks were compared on three sets of measures: the Panic Attack Questionnaire, the Restrained Drinking Scale, and the Inventory of Drinking Situations. The results showed that two groups of Ss who experienced panic attacks were more likely than non-panickers to use drugs other than alcohol, began drinking at an earlier age, had a greater proportion of parents with panic and alcohol related problems, had higher drinking restraint scores, and drank in more situations. The Ss who experienced panic attacks prior to abusing alcohol were more likely than the other groups to drink in situations similar to those related to agoraphobic fears. It was postulated that alcoholics who experience panic attacks, especially those who experienced panic attacks prior to abusing alcohol may be using alcohol to reduce anxiety or fear related to panic attacks.
对三组男性酗酒者进行了比较,这三组分别是:(a) 在酗酒前经历过惊恐发作的;(b) 在酗酒之后经历过惊恐发作的;(c) 未曾经历过惊恐发作的。比较采用了三套测量方法:惊恐发作问卷、饮酒节制量表和饮酒情境量表。结果显示,两组经历过惊恐发作的研究对象比未经历过惊恐发作的人更有可能使用除酒精以外的药物,开始饮酒的年龄更小,父母患有惊恐和与酒精相关问题的比例更高,饮酒节制得分更高,且饮酒的情境更多。在酗酒前经历过惊恐发作的研究对象比其他组更有可能在与广场恐惧症恐惧相关的类似情境中饮酒。据推测,经历过惊恐发作的酗酒者,尤其是那些在酗酒前经历过惊恐发作的人,可能是在用酒精来减轻与惊恐发作相关的焦虑或恐惧。