Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK; Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK; Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK; Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, WE4, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany.
Cortex. 2018 Mar;100:149-190. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.019. Epub 2017 Dec 7.
Within the neurocognitive literature there is much debate about the role of the motor system in language, social communication and conceptual processing. We suggest, here, that autism spectrum conditions (ASC) may afford an excellent test case for investigating and evaluating contemporary neurocognitive models, most notably a neurobiological theory of action perception integration where widely-distributed cell assemblies linking neurons in action and perceptual brain regions act as the building blocks of many higher cognitive functions. We review a literature of functional motor abnormalities in ASC, following this with discussion of their neural correlates and aberrancies in language development, explaining how these might arise with reference to the typical formation of cell assemblies linking action and perceptual brain regions. This model gives rise to clear hypotheses regarding language comprehension, and we highlight a recent set of studies reporting differences in brain activation and behaviour in the processing of action-related and abstract-emotional concepts in individuals with ASC. At the neuroanatomical level, we discuss structural differences in long-distance frontotemporal and frontoparietal connections in ASC, such as would compromise information transfer between sensory and motor regions. This neurobiological model of action perception integration may shed light on the cognitive and social-interactive symptoms of ASC, building on and extending earlier proposals linking autistic symptomatology to motor disorder and dysfunction in action perception integration. Further investigating the contribution of motor dysfunction to higher cognitive and social impairment, we suggest, is timely and promising as it may advance both neurocognitive theory and the development of new clinical interventions for this population and others characterised by early and pervasive motor disruption.
在神经认知文献中，关于运动系统在语言、社会交流和概念处理中的作用存在很多争议。我们在这里提出，自闭症谱系障碍（ASC）可能为研究和评估当代神经认知模型提供一个极好的案例，尤其是一种神经生物学的动作感知整合理论，其中广泛分布的神经元集合将动作和感知脑区的神经元连接起来，作为许多更高认知功能的构建块。我们回顾了 ASC 中功能性运动异常的文献，随后讨论了它们在语言发展中的神经相关性和异常，解释了这些异常是如何与连接动作和感知脑区的神经元集合的典型形成有关的。该模型对语言理解产生了明确的假设，我们强调了一组最近的研究报告，这些研究报告了 ASC 个体在处理与动作相关和抽象情感概念时大脑激活和行为的差异。在神经解剖学水平上，我们讨论了 ASC 中长距离额颞和额顶连接的结构差异，这些差异可能会影响感觉和运动区域之间的信息传递。这种动作感知整合的神经生物学模型可以为 ASC 的认知和社交互动症状提供启示，它基于并扩展了将自闭症症状与动作感知整合中的运动障碍和功能障碍联系起来的早期假设。进一步研究运动功能障碍对更高认知和社交障碍的贡献，我们认为这是及时和有前途的，因为它可能会推进神经认知理论和为该人群和其他以早期和普遍的运动障碍为特征的人群开发新的临床干预措施。
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